Chemistry 9701 A-Level Study Set with Questions and Detailed Answers

Natures of amino acidspolar, non-polar, electrically-charged Properties of amino acidswhite crystalline solids, high melting point, soluble in H2O Effect of pH on enzyme activityincreases then decreases above the optimum pH Why does the enzyme activity decrease above optimum pH?the active site is changed due to the ionic bonds Describe the effect of substrate concentration on enzyme activityincreases then constant Enzyme inhibitorsnon-reversible inhibitor and reversible inhibitor Types of cofactorsprosthetic groups and coenzymes What is the difference between deoxyribose and ribose?ribose has 3 -OH groups while deoxyribose has 2 -OH groups on their rings Types of RNAmessenger RNA, transfer RNA, ribosomal RNA Briefly describe DNA replicationbonds between bases are broken, free nucleotides are attracted, forms a new DNA Briefly describe DNA transcriptionDNA unravelsstrand used as a templatefree nucleotides are attractedforms an mRNA Briefly describe translationtRNA carries amino acids by bonding temporarily, brings to mRNA corresponding to its amino acid, amino acid form a peptide bond with another amino acid of another tRNA, leaves and continue until stop codon reached Types of DNA mutationsdeletion, substitution, duplication, addition What type of mutation is deletion?cystic fibrosis What are the effects of sickle-cell anaemia?causes red blood cells to become rigid and sickle-shaped and causes blood vessels blockage