Applied Pathophysiology GCU Practice Questions and Answers

Cellular Injury reversible Cellular Swelling, Loss of ATP, Detachment of Ribosomes Cellular Injury Irreversible Severe Vacuolization of the mitochondria Necrosis Pathologic cell death Apoptosis Normal genetically programmed and timed cell death Four Common forms of Cellular insult Hypoxic, reactive oxygen species, chemical, and immunologic/inflammatory injuries. Hypoxic Injury ATP depletion causes damage Reactive oxygen species injury Reactive oxygen species bind to cellular components and injure the cell; Lipid peroxidation, protein alteration, DNA fragmentation, Damage to the Mitochondria. Chemical Injury Free radicals, membrane damage and increased permeability Necrosis Cellular Dissolution Subdivisions of Necrosis Coagulative, Liquefactive, Caseous, Fat, Gangrenous (wet and dry), Gas gangrene Coagulative Kidneys, Denaturation of proteins from gel to firm state. Liquefactive Neurons, brain, cells digested by their own hydrolases, walls off affected portion Caseous TB, combo of coagulative and liquefactive, disintegrate/denature, walled off Fat Lipases, sponification Gangrenous Extremities due to physical injury/trauma Adaptive Changes Atrophy, Hypertrophy, Hyperplasia, Metaplasia, dysplasia Atrophy Decrease/Shrinkage in cellular size