PLTW Biomedical Sciences EOC Review Questions And Answers Graded A+

What can be done at a scene of a mysterious death to help reconstruct what happened? - AnswerCollect evidence, interview, examine, sketch, photograph (others: find samples of DNA, see if there were any witnesses, cause of death, weapons, blood spatters, wounds on victim, violence of death, finger prints, shoe prints, hair, clothing How do the clues found at a scene of a mysterious death help investigators determine what might have occurred and help identify or exonerate potential suspects? - Answer-Run DNA on fingerprints, cause of death, wound on victim How do scientists design experiments to find the most accurate answer to the question they are asking? - Answer-Scientific method: hypothesis, Independent Variable (manipulated), Dependent Variable (effected), controls, conclusion How are bloodstain patterns left at a crime scene used to help investigators establish the events that took place during a crime? - Answer-The bloodstains help determine what happened in the scene. Violence of death. The patterns could help at which angle and height the victim was bleeding from. The height is known by size and shape of blood drops. Define the term: Biomedical Science - Answer-The application of the principles of the natural sciences, especially biology and physiology, to clinical medicine. Define the term: Control Group - Answer-The group in an experiment where the independent variable being tested is not applied so that it may serve as a standard for comparison against the experimental group where the independent variable is applied.Define the term: Dependent Variable - Answer-The measurable effect, outcome, or response in which the research is interested. Define the term: Experiment - Answer-A research study conducted to determine the effect that one variable has upon another variable. Define the term: Forensic Science - Answer-The application of scientific knowledge to questions of civil and criminal law. Define the term: Hypothesis - Answer-Clear prediction of the anticipated results of an experiment. Define the term: Independent Variable - Answer-The variable that is varied or manipulated by the researcher. Define the term: Negative Control - Answer-Control group where conditions produce a negative outcome. Negative control groups help identify outside influences which may be present that were not accounted for when the procedure was created. Define the term: Personal Protective Equipment - Answer-Specialized clothing or equipment, worn by an employee for protection against infectious materials (as defined by OSHA). Define the term: Positive Control - Answer-Group expected to have a positive result, allowing the researcher to show that the experimental set up was capable of producing results. What is DNA? - Answer-Blueprint for our physical traits. Also a double stranded, helical nucleic acid molecule capable of replicating and determining the inherited structure of a cell's proteins.How do scientists isolate DNA in order to study it? - Answer-DNA extraction. You extract DNA from the other parts of the cell, the buffer/detergent (soap) breaks down the cell membrane, alcohol precipitates the DNA (separates the DNA and allows it to float to the surface) How does DNA differ from person to person? - Answer-The only difference between two people's DNA is the sequence of the base pairs How can tools of molecular biology be used to compare the DNA of two individuals? - Answer-The restriction enzymes and gel electrophoresis can be used to match or compare DNA. PCR can be used to make more copies of DNA if there isn't enough to examine What are restriction enzymes? - Answer-Enzymes that cut DNA into fragments at specific patterns (ex GC | CG) What are restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs)? - Answer-Different sized fragments of DNA produced from treatment with restriction Enzymes. Size is determined by how many base pairs the fragment is made up of. Since every one's DNA is different, no two people will produce the same RFLPs What is gel electrophoresis and how can the results of this technique be interpreted? - Answer