Biomedical PLTW EOC Review latest questions and answers all are correct graded A+

What are 5 pieces of evidence that can be found at a crime scene to solve a crime? - Answer-- fingerprints -blood sample -strand of hair -shoeprints -vomit What are the four bases of DNA? Which are purines and which are pyrimidines? - Answer-Adenine Guanine Cytosine Thymine (C & T are purines) (A & G are pyrimidines) What do restriction enzymes? - Answer-cut DNA What does gel electrophoresis do? - Answer-it is used to separate DNA fragments according to size and charge Explain the difference between negative and positive feedback with examples - Answer-Positive- causes reinforcement of original action, input causes action to increase (ex: fever, blood clot formation) Negative- causes system to stop doing original action and either take no action or perform opposite action (ex: body temperature, blood pressure) What is the difference between dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis? - Answer-Dehydration synthesisprocess of joining two molecules together after the removal of water Hydrolysis- chemical breakdown due to the reaction of waterWhat is osmosis? - Answer-movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from higher water potential to lower water potential How is anemia diagnosed? - Answer-Hematocrit- measures percentage of volume of whole blood that is made up of RBCs. It depends on the number and size of RBCs Name and describe the four components of blood - Answer-Plasma- transports blood cells throughout body Red Blood Cells- carry oxygen and nutrients from lungs to rest of the body White Blood Cells- protect body from infection Platelets- help blood clotting Name and describe the job of the three types of RNA - Answer-mRNA- carries genetic info copied from DNA tRNA- transfers the sequence; contains 3 bases sequence that pairs with its complementary code rRNA- associates with proteins to form ribosomes What is the pathway blood takes as it passes through the heart? - Answer-1) Blood comes in thru inferior/superior vena cava 2) Blood flows from right atrium into right ventricle 3) Blood leaves thru pulmonary valve/artery into lungs to be oxygenated 4) goes back into left atrium and contracts 5) goes thru mitral valve into left ventricle 6) Blood leaves thru aorta What is heart rate? - Answer-measured by beats per minute it is speed of heartbeat What is blood pressure? - Answer-force that moves blood through; measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg) and measured by using a blood pressure monitorWhat does EKG stand for and what does it do? - Answer-Electrocardiagram it measures electrical activity in the heart What are the two nodes of the heart and where are they located? - Answer-Sinoatrial Node- pacemaker; located in wall of right atrium Atrioventricular Node- interatrial septum close to tricuspid valve Trace the conduction of electrical impulses through the heart - Answer-SA node sends a signal from right atrium, the signal goes thru the vena cava, spreads thru right and left atria causing them to contract and reaches AV node the signal divides into brances What are the two major functions of cholesterol in our bodies? - Answer--hormone production -cell membrane support Is cholesterol hydrophobic and hydrophilic? - Answer-It is hydrophobic and travels in lipoproteins which keep them separated from the blood What is atherosclerosis? - Answer-caused by plaque build up in arteries and may cause blockages so its harder for blood to pass thru and the heart pumps harder Which one is the major carrier of cholesterol? Which one has more protein in its molecule? Which one should have a level below 100 mg/dL? Which one should have a level of above 40 mg/dL? - Answer-LDL HDL LDL HDL What is PCR? - Answer-Polymerase Chain Reaction- used to amplify DNAWhat is RFLP and how is it used in DNA analysis? - Answer-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphismlabeled DNA sequence that crossbreeds with fragments of digested DNA sample after separated by gel electrophoresis What are the 3 procedures that could help treat a blockage in the heart? - Answer-Stent Insertionflexible tube inserted thru artery and balloon blows up Angioplasty- balloon catheter blown up to press blockage against walls of artery Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery- healthy artery is connected to damaged one