ANSC 333 Exam 3
Oocyte Formation - ANS-gap junction breaks down, lowers cAMP/cGMP and OMI
(oocyte maturation inhibitor), Pre-MPF goes to MPF (maturation promoting factor),
miosis resumes and first polar body forms
Sperm Post-Ejaculation - ANS-seminal plasma proteins stripped, sperm surface
proteins mature, transition from progressive to hyperactive motility
Oocyte Barries to sperm - ANS-corona radiata, zona pellucida, perivitelline space and
vitelline membrane
What happens to the sperm when it comes in contact with the Corona Radiata? -
ANS-sperm release acrosomal enzymes (hyaluronidase) which breaks down the
extracellular matrix holding cumulus cells together
What happens in the Zona Pellucida of oocyte? - ANS-made of 3 proteins ZP1 & ZP2
(structural) and ZP3 (binding and signaling) that interact with 2 sperm plasma
membrane proteins to allow the sperm to attach. ZBR- zonal binding region and ARPR-
acrosomal reaction promoting regions). ZBR attaches the sperm and ARPR helps
sperm fuse with the membrane of oocyte.
What is Vesiculation? - ANS-when sperm fuses with oocyte membrane and vesicles
form on the acrosome. the vesicles are released thru pores on sperm head that lead to
penetration of Zona Pellucida
What 2 proteins on sperm interact with Zona Pellucida proteins? - ANS-ZBR- zonal
binding region and
ARPR- acrosomal reaction promoting regions ZBR attaches the sperm and ARPR helps
sperm fuse with the membrane of oocyte.
Sperm Oocyte Fusion - ANS-binding of sperm equatorial region to the vitelline
membrane. the post acrosomal cap regresses and sperm nucleus begins to
decondense. results in cortical reaction that prevents polyspermy (zona block)
Sperm Mitochondria - ANS-arranged in a helix in the sperm body containing
mitochondrial DNA. embryonic mitochondria come from oocyte only
, Maternal Mitochondrial Transfer - ANS-complete maternal inheritance leading to certain
diseases inherited i.e, Liber's disease (loss of central vision of young adults) and
MERRF's syndrome (seizures and myopathy)
What is Mitochondrial Eve? - ANS-the most recent common ancestor from whom all
humans today inherited their mitochondrial DNA
Post-fusion events - ANS-oocyte completes meiosis ii, development of maternal
pronuclei (protamines to histones), syngamy (fusion of 2 cells) occurs
Sperm signaling - ANS-sperm carry PLCZeta, which hydrolyzes conversion of PIP2 to
IP3. activates IP3R on the endoplasmic reticulum
calcium pulsatility - ANS-IP3R is sensitive to calcium. induces post fusion events in the
oocyte which include; meiosis completion, cortical reaction, reprogramming and
syngamy
Parthenogenesis - ANS-unfertilized oocyte contains complete complement of DNA.
embryonic division is initiated thru asexual reproduction that can be induced electrically
or chemically
What is Muhler's ratchet - ANS-mutations from asexual reproduction
Imprinting - ANS-mammalian chromosomes carry epigenetic information. methylation
and chromatin modification help regulate gene expression
zygote - ANS-a diploid cell resulting from the fusion of two haploid gametes; a fertilized
ovum.
embryo - ANS-earliest stage of growth and development of organism
fetus - ANS-Later stage of development of organism
conceptus - ANS-product of conception at all stages of development including tissues
cleavage - ANS-mitotic cell division where DNA replicates and is evenly distributed. # of
cells doubles each time it. splits, but total cell volume remains constant
Oocyte Formation - ANS-gap junction breaks down, lowers cAMP/cGMP and OMI
(oocyte maturation inhibitor), Pre-MPF goes to MPF (maturation promoting factor),
miosis resumes and first polar body forms
Sperm Post-Ejaculation - ANS-seminal plasma proteins stripped, sperm surface
proteins mature, transition from progressive to hyperactive motility
Oocyte Barries to sperm - ANS-corona radiata, zona pellucida, perivitelline space and
vitelline membrane
What happens to the sperm when it comes in contact with the Corona Radiata? -
ANS-sperm release acrosomal enzymes (hyaluronidase) which breaks down the
extracellular matrix holding cumulus cells together
What happens in the Zona Pellucida of oocyte? - ANS-made of 3 proteins ZP1 & ZP2
(structural) and ZP3 (binding and signaling) that interact with 2 sperm plasma
membrane proteins to allow the sperm to attach. ZBR- zonal binding region and ARPR-
acrosomal reaction promoting regions). ZBR attaches the sperm and ARPR helps
sperm fuse with the membrane of oocyte.
What is Vesiculation? - ANS-when sperm fuses with oocyte membrane and vesicles
form on the acrosome. the vesicles are released thru pores on sperm head that lead to
penetration of Zona Pellucida
What 2 proteins on sperm interact with Zona Pellucida proteins? - ANS-ZBR- zonal
binding region and
ARPR- acrosomal reaction promoting regions ZBR attaches the sperm and ARPR helps
sperm fuse with the membrane of oocyte.
Sperm Oocyte Fusion - ANS-binding of sperm equatorial region to the vitelline
membrane. the post acrosomal cap regresses and sperm nucleus begins to
decondense. results in cortical reaction that prevents polyspermy (zona block)
Sperm Mitochondria - ANS-arranged in a helix in the sperm body containing
mitochondrial DNA. embryonic mitochondria come from oocyte only
, Maternal Mitochondrial Transfer - ANS-complete maternal inheritance leading to certain
diseases inherited i.e, Liber's disease (loss of central vision of young adults) and
MERRF's syndrome (seizures and myopathy)
What is Mitochondrial Eve? - ANS-the most recent common ancestor from whom all
humans today inherited their mitochondrial DNA
Post-fusion events - ANS-oocyte completes meiosis ii, development of maternal
pronuclei (protamines to histones), syngamy (fusion of 2 cells) occurs
Sperm signaling - ANS-sperm carry PLCZeta, which hydrolyzes conversion of PIP2 to
IP3. activates IP3R on the endoplasmic reticulum
calcium pulsatility - ANS-IP3R is sensitive to calcium. induces post fusion events in the
oocyte which include; meiosis completion, cortical reaction, reprogramming and
syngamy
Parthenogenesis - ANS-unfertilized oocyte contains complete complement of DNA.
embryonic division is initiated thru asexual reproduction that can be induced electrically
or chemically
What is Muhler's ratchet - ANS-mutations from asexual reproduction
Imprinting - ANS-mammalian chromosomes carry epigenetic information. methylation
and chromatin modification help regulate gene expression
zygote - ANS-a diploid cell resulting from the fusion of two haploid gametes; a fertilized
ovum.
embryo - ANS-earliest stage of growth and development of organism
fetus - ANS-Later stage of development of organism
conceptus - ANS-product of conception at all stages of development including tissues
cleavage - ANS-mitotic cell division where DNA replicates and is evenly distributed. # of
cells doubles each time it. splits, but total cell volume remains constant
