UNMC: Pathophysiology II Exam II Questions and Verified Answers | Passed | A+

4 Types of Immune Alterations : Exaggerated, misdirected against host's own cells, Directed against beneficial foreign tissues, and Deficiency Hypersensitivity : - Autoimmunity is when the body starts to think of its own antigens as foreign. - Isoimmunity is when the body reacts against tissues of other members of the same species. 4 Types of Hypersensitivity : - Type I: IgE mediated allergic reactions / allergies - Type II: tissue-specific / blood transfusion reactions - Type III: immune complex mediated reactions / antigen antibody form and deposit tissues - Type IV: cell mediated reactions / involve T cells and macrophages 2 Allergy/Anaphylaxis : - Rapid immune response with re-exposure to an antigen. Systemic : 1. Bronchial construction/edema (life threatening) 2. Skin/itching (pruritis)/erythema 3. GI - abdominal cramps, vomiting, diarrhea 4. Mucous membranes - increased secretions 5. Vasculature - increased vascular permeability + vasodilation (life threatening) Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) : chronic, autoimmune, multi-system inflammatory disease. - Most activity is Type III hypersensitivity, some Type IV - Antigen antibody complexes form and deposit in vessel walls - Step 1: B cell activates the IgG, which targets and attacks the DNA on the vessel walls - Step 2: The T helper cells add to the stimulation of the B cells - Step 3: Macrophages also attack the DNA on the vessel walls - Step 4: The IgG attack red blood cells along with the DN