UNMC Pathophys 2 Exam 4 Questions and Verified Answers | Passed | A+

Alteration due to Renal Failure/Disorders Hematocrit : Decreased - Anemia Due to decreased synthesis of erythropoietin. Erythropoietin stimulates bone marrow to produce RBC. When nephrons fail, kidneys cannot produce erythropoietin. Hematocrit - the ratio of the volume of RBCs to the total volume of blood; NOT caused by Anemia - IS Anemia Alteration due to Renal Failure/Disorders Potassium : Increased - Hyperkalemia Because Nephrons cannot excrete excess Potassium. Nephron damage or failure leads to decreased Glomerular Filtration Rate, which leads to the inability to filter out potassium. OR Acidosis can cause Hyperkalemia 2 Due to cellular ion exchange Alteration due to Renal Failure/Disorders Calcium : Decreased - Hypocalcemia Due to: 1.) decreased renal synthesis of Vit D, which decreases absorption of calcium 2) high phosphate levels bind more calcium - leaving less active calcium in blood * Note - phosphate & Calcium are antagonistic = if calcium is low, phosphate is high & vice versa Alteration due to Renal Failure/Disorders Phosphate : Increased Because nephrons cannot excrete excess. Nephron damage or failure leads to decreased Glomerular Filtration Rate, which leads to the inability to filter out Phosphate * Note - Phos-Lo is a calcium supplement used to lower phosphate. Phosphate & Calcium are antagonistic = if calcium is low, phosphate is high & vice versa 3 Alteration due to Renal Failure/Disorders pH : Low - Acidosi