Test Bank For Introduction to Genetic Analysis 12th Edition by Anthony Griffiths; John Doebley; Catherine Peichel; David A. Wassarman Chapter 1-20

Name: Class: Date: Copyright Macmillan Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 1 Test Bank For Introduction to Genetic Analysis 12th Edition Anthony Griffiths; John Doebley; Catherine Peichel; David A. Wassarman Chapter 1-20 Answers are at the End of Each Chapter chapter 1 Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. A sample of normal double -stranded DNA was found to have a guanine content of 18%. What is the expected proportion of adenine? a. 9% b. 32% c. 36% d. 68% e. 82% 2. Using molecular techniques, researchers have knocked out both copies of gene G in a series of genetically identical mouse embryos. These mice develop normally, except for their forelimbs, which are missing several small bones. What can be concluded from the results of this experiment? a. Gene G encodes a protein that is a crucial component of the forelimbs' small bones in mice. b. Gene G encodes a protein that is normally only present in the forelimb cells of developing mice. c. Gene G is necessary for proper development of the forelimbs' small bones in mice. d. Gene G is normally only present in the forelimb cells of developing mice. e. Gene G is normally only transcribed in the forelimb cells of developing mice. 3. Which of the following is a component of DNA? a. alanine b. arginine c. cysteine d. guanine e. tyrosine 4. The Central Dogma describes a. the hypothesis of how DNA is packaged into small molecules. b. the process by which RNA is processed within a cell. c. the flow of genetic information within cells from DNA to RNA to protein. d. how model organisms are used in experiments. e. the method of gene transfer between organisms. 5. In one strand of DNA, the nucleotide sequence is 5'-ATGC -3'. The complementary sequence in the other strand must be a. 3'-ATGC -5'. Name: Class: Date: Copyright Macmillan Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 2 b. 3'-TACG -5'. c. 5'-ATCG -3'. d. 5'-CGTA -3'. e. 5'-TACG -3'. 6. Which type of mutation is a unique DNA variant that exists in a child but in neither of its parents? a. point mutation b. de novo mutation c. quantitative trait locus d. single nucleotide polymorphism e. dominant allele 7. Which scientists offered the first compelling experimental evidence that genes are made of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)? a. Oswald Avery, Colin MacLeod, and Maclyn McCarty b. John Gurdon and Shinya Yamanaka c. François Jacob and Jacques Monod d. James Watson and Francis Crick e. Barbara McClintock and Erwin Chargoff 8. Which of the following features makes a species suitable as a model organism? a. small organism b. short generation time c. small genome d. produce large number of offspring e. All of the answer options are correct. 9. The early 1900s was an important period for genetics due to which of the following major events? a. the rediscovery of Gregor Mendel's scientific findings b. Watson and Crick solving the structure of DNA c. Walter Sutton and Theodore Boveri hypothesizing that chromosomes are the hereditary elements d. the rediscovery of Gregor Mendel's scientific findings and Walter Sutton and Theodore Boveri hypothesizing that chromosomes are the hereditary elements e. All of the answer options are correct. 10. Which enzyme is responsible for DNA replication? a. polymerase b. ligase c. nuclease d. allele e. ribosome Name: Class: Date: Copyright Macmillan Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 3 11. Which of the following is/are TRUE of the DNA structure solved by Watson and Crick? a. It is a double -helical structure. b. Sugar–phosphate backbone is always toward the outside of the DNA. c. There are two hydrogen bonds between A and T and three hydrogen bonds between C and G. d. There are four types of nitrogenous bases. e. All of the answer options are correct. 12. How many different DNA molecules that are eight -nucleotide -pairs long are theoretically possible? a. 24 b. 32 c. 64 d. 256 e. 65,536 13. Wild cats (Felis silvestris ) and common mice (Mus musculus ) are diploid. In wild cats, 2n = 38, while in common mice, 2n = 40. Based on this information, we can conclude that wild-cat cells have a. less DNA than common -mouse cells. b. smaller genomes than common -mouse cells. c. fewer DNA molecules than common -mouse cells. d. fewer genes than common -mouse cells. e. fewer sets of chromosomes than common -mouse cells. 14. The process of inserting foreign DNA molecules into the genomes of a recipient organism is called a. replication. b. transformation. c. transcription. d. translation. e. ligation. 15. Who originated the one-gene–one-enzyme hypothesis? a. Tatum and Beadle b. Gregor Mendel c. Watson and Crick d. Franklin and Wilkins e. Hershey and Chase 16. Which of the following is/are TRUE about genes? a. Genes are located on chromosomes. b. Genes come in variants known as alleles. c. Genes usually encode protein products. d. All of the answer options are correct. Name: Class: Date: Copyright Macmillan Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 4 e. None of the answer options is correct. 17. Which of the following is a CORRECT representation of the central dogma? a. RNA → DNA → protein b. protein → DNA → RNA c. DNA → RNA → protein d. DNA → protein → DNA e. None of the answer options is correct. 18. Which enzyme cuts DNA at a specific location? a. polymerase b. ligase c. nuclease d. allele e. ribosome 19. What are alleles? a. gene variants b. enzymes c. regulatory elements d. de novo mutations e. quantitative trait loci 20. You have come across a dog (named Cindy) that does not have a tail. Interestingly, all the puppies produced by this dog don't have a tail. If the lack of tail is caused by a genetic mutation, where has this mutation most likely taken place? a. in Cindy's gametes b. in the cells that should normally have given rise to Cindy's tail c. in the cells that should normally have given rise to Cindy's and her puppies' tails d. in all of Cindy's cells (including her gametes) e. in a gamete of one of Cindy's parents 21. Why does the age of the father matter, while that of the mother seems to have no effect on the frequency of new point mutations? 22. Describe the purpose and function of DNA polymerase, nuclease, and ligase. 23. Mutations are often viewed as negative events, and they are nearly always bad for an organism. Paradoxically, without mutations there would be no evolution, and so they are essential. Explain how this is so. 24. Explain what it means to say that the genetic code is redundan t. How does this redundancy help protect against mutations?