WGU D236 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM-with 100% verified solutions-2024/2025

WGU D236 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM-with 100% verified solutions-2024/2025 Describe how your body responds to an infection. - ANSWERS T cells produce cytokines, which stimulate B cells. B cells produce antibodies. Identify role of DNA changes in congenital abnormalities. - ANSWERS Mutations in genes or chromosomal abnormalities How does development disrupts congenital abnormalities? - ANSWERS Alterations of DNA Describes factors that disrupt homeostasis and how disruptions affect wellbeing. - ANSWERS (ex) Fluid and electrolyte shifts can cause n/v or dysrhythmias. Explain RAAS - ANSWERS Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system 1. Reduce blood flow causes kidneys to release renin produce angiotensin I converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II vasoconstriction release aldosterone kidneys conserve sodium and water Result less water lost in urine and blood pressure maintained. DKA - ANSWERS increased anion gap, decreased HCO3 How do kidneys compensate for alkalosis - ANSWERS retain H and excrete HCO3 Untreated acidosis leads to an increase in which electrolyte? - ANSWERS Potassium West Nile Virus - ANSWERS Transmitted through the bite of an infected mosquito. Severe signs and symptoms; high fever, headache and stiff neck Lyme disease - ANSWERS Tick-borne disease caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi. Erythema infectiosum - ANSWERS a febrile upper respiratory illness in a child followed by the sudden appearance of red, flushed cheeks, "fifth disease" Obesity ad diabetes are risk factors for having a child with _____. - ANSWERS Spina bifida Trousseau's sign - ANSWERS arm/carpal spasm associated with hypocalcemia Cause and sign of spina bifida - ANSWERS results from failure of neural tube to close. sign - fluid filled sac on lower back. hemophilia is more common in - ANSWERS males Prenatal exposure to alcohol includes - ANSWERS ND-PAE, decreased brain function, FAS Connective vs muscle tissue disorders - ANSWERS Connective- RA, Scleroderma, Lupus Muscle - MS, Muscular dystrophy, Myasthenia Gravia Describe Lupus - ANSWERS Inflammatory disorder characterized by joint pain and butterfly rash Describe Myasthenia Gravis - ANSWERS It is an autoimmune disorder where antibodies attack own Ach receptors. This causes weakness of skeletal muscles over the course of the day, along with ptosis, double vision, and difficulty swallowing. dermatitis - ANSWERS inflammation of the skin eczema - ANSWERS noninfectious, inflammatory skin disease characterized by redness, blisters, scabs, and itching decubitus ulcer - ANSWERS sore caused by lying down for long periods of time Fungal infections - ANSWERS superficial, localized skin conditions or deep tissue infections caused by exposure to spores may or may not be transmitted benign neoplasm - ANSWERS noncancerous growths, stationary, distinct borders malignant neoplasm - ANSWERS uncontrolled new tissue growth, irregular borders, spreads Osteoporosis - ANSWERS The loss of bone mass often due to age, causing the bones to become porous, brittle, and easily fractured. osteomalacia - ANSWERS disease marked by softening of the bone caused by calcium and vitamin D deficiency myoglobin - ANSWERS red pigment that stores oxygen in muscle cells Bursa - ANSWERS fluid-filled sac that allows for easy movement of one part of a joint over another Rickets - ANSWERS a vitamin D deficiency in children, resulting in soft bones Degenerative disk disease - ANSWERS A condition in which an intervertebral disk loses its normal structural integrity as a result of wear and tear, acute or repeated injuries or aging Paget disease - ANSWERS Chronic inflammation of bones, resulting in thickening and softening of bones, that can occur in any bone but most commonly affects the long bones of the legs, the lower spine, the pelvis, and the skull communiuted fracture - ANSWERS splintered into many pieces Three types of skin cancer - ANSWERS 1. Basal cell carcinoma 2. Squamous cell carcinoma 3. Melanoma basal cell carcinoma - ANSWERS Most common and least severe type of skin cancer; often characterized by light or pearly nodules. Rarely metastasize, most common on face due to sun exposure squamous cell carcinoma - ANSWERS Type of skin cancer more serious than basal cell carcinoma; often characterized by scaly red crusted papules or firm nodules. Melanoma - ANSWERS The most serious form of skin cancer, caucasian males at highest risk, usually black or brown lesion consequences when integumentary system is disrupted - ANSWERS impaired immunity types of burns - ANSWERS Superficial (1st degree) - red/painful Partial-thickness (2nd degree) -wet/pink/pa