PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 8TH EDITION MCCANCE TEST BANK Chapter 1
to 50
Chapter 1: Cellular Biology
MULTIPLE
CHOICE
1. Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?
a.Cells can produce proteins. c. Cells can take in and use nutrients.
b.Cells can secrete digestive enzymes. d. Cells can synthesize fats.
ANS: C
In metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and other
substances from their surroundings. The remaining options are not inclusive
in their descriptions of cellular metabolic absorption.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 2
2. Most of a cell’s genetic information, including RNA and DNA, is contained in
the:
a. Mitochondria c. Nucleolus
b. Ribosome d. Lysosome
ANS: C
The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure composed
largely of RNA, most of the cellular DNA, and the DNA-binding proteins,
such as the histones, which regulate its activity. The other options do not
contain most of a cell’s genetic information.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 2
3. Which component of the cell prodNuUceRsSIhNyGdTroBg.CenOM
peroxide (H2O2)
by using oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in
an oxidative reaction?
a. Lysosomes c. Ribosomes
b. Peroxisomes d. Oxyhydrosomes
ANS: B
Peroxisomes are so named because they usually contain enzymes that use
oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative
reaction that produces H2O2, which is a powerful oxidant and potentially
destructive if it accumulates or escapes from peroxisomes. Ribosomes are
RNA-protein complexes (nucleoproteins) that are synthesized in the
nucleolus and secreted into the cytoplasm through pores in the nuclear
envelope called nuclear pore complexes. Lysosomes are saclike structures
that originate from the Golgi complex and contain more than 40 digestive
enzymes called hydrolases, which catalyze bonds in proteins, lipids, nucleic
acids, and carbohydrates. Oxyhydrosomes are involved in enzyme production.
NURSINGTB.COM
, PTS: 1 REF: Page 8
4. Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it is
released during cell injury?
a. Ribosome c. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
b. Golgi complex d. Lysosomes
ANS: D
NURSINGTB.COM
, The lysosomal membrane acts as a protective shield between the powerful
digestive enzymes within the lysosome and the cytoplasm, preventing their
leakage into the cytoplasmic matrix. Disruption of the membrane by various
treatments or cellular injury leads to a release of the lysosomal enzymes,
which can then react with their specific substrates, causing cellular self-
digestion. The other options do not correctly describe this process.
PTS: 1 REF: Pages 7-8
5. What is the sequence of steps in the development of a digestive enzyme by
the pancreas cells from the initial transcription to the release from the cell?
a. The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus,
proceeds to the ribosome for synthesis, and is transported in a
secretory vesicle to the cell membrane.
b. The enzyme is transcribed from RNA by DNA in the nucleus,
proceeds to the lysosome for synthesis, and is transported in an
encapsulated membrane to the cell membrane.
c. The enzyme is transcribed by the mitochondria in the nucleus,
proceeds to the ribosome for synthesis, and is transported in a
cytoskeleton to the cell membrane.
d. The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus,
proceeds to the Golgi complex for synthesis, and is transported in a
cytosol to the cell membrane.
ANS: A
The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to
the ribosome for synthesis, and is transported in a secretory vesicle to the
cell membrane. The other options do not correctly describe this process.
NURSINGTB.COM
PTS: 1 REF: Page 7 | Figure 1-5
6. During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA synthesized?
a.G1 c. G2
b.S d. M
ANS: B
The four designated phases of the cell cycle are: (1) the G 1 phase (G = gap),
which is the period between the M phase (M = mitosis) and the start of DNA
synthesis; (2) the S phase (S = synthesis), during which DNA is synthesized
in the cell nucleus; (3) the G2 phase, during which RNA and protein
synthesis occurs, the period between the completion of DNA synthesis and
the next phase (M); and (4) the M phase, which includes nuclear and
cytoplasmic division.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 37
7. What organic compound facilitates transportation across cell membranes
NURSINGTB.COM
, by acting as receptors, transport channels for electrolytes, and enzymes to
drive active pumps?
a. Lipids c. Proteins
b. Proteases d. Carbohydrates
ANS: C
NURSINGTB.COM
to 50
Chapter 1: Cellular Biology
MULTIPLE
CHOICE
1. Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?
a.Cells can produce proteins. c. Cells can take in and use nutrients.
b.Cells can secrete digestive enzymes. d. Cells can synthesize fats.
ANS: C
In metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and other
substances from their surroundings. The remaining options are not inclusive
in their descriptions of cellular metabolic absorption.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 2
2. Most of a cell’s genetic information, including RNA and DNA, is contained in
the:
a. Mitochondria c. Nucleolus
b. Ribosome d. Lysosome
ANS: C
The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure composed
largely of RNA, most of the cellular DNA, and the DNA-binding proteins,
such as the histones, which regulate its activity. The other options do not
contain most of a cell’s genetic information.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 2
3. Which component of the cell prodNuUceRsSIhNyGdTroBg.CenOM
peroxide (H2O2)
by using oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in
an oxidative reaction?
a. Lysosomes c. Ribosomes
b. Peroxisomes d. Oxyhydrosomes
ANS: B
Peroxisomes are so named because they usually contain enzymes that use
oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative
reaction that produces H2O2, which is a powerful oxidant and potentially
destructive if it accumulates or escapes from peroxisomes. Ribosomes are
RNA-protein complexes (nucleoproteins) that are synthesized in the
nucleolus and secreted into the cytoplasm through pores in the nuclear
envelope called nuclear pore complexes. Lysosomes are saclike structures
that originate from the Golgi complex and contain more than 40 digestive
enzymes called hydrolases, which catalyze bonds in proteins, lipids, nucleic
acids, and carbohydrates. Oxyhydrosomes are involved in enzyme production.
NURSINGTB.COM
, PTS: 1 REF: Page 8
4. Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it is
released during cell injury?
a. Ribosome c. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
b. Golgi complex d. Lysosomes
ANS: D
NURSINGTB.COM
, The lysosomal membrane acts as a protective shield between the powerful
digestive enzymes within the lysosome and the cytoplasm, preventing their
leakage into the cytoplasmic matrix. Disruption of the membrane by various
treatments or cellular injury leads to a release of the lysosomal enzymes,
which can then react with their specific substrates, causing cellular self-
digestion. The other options do not correctly describe this process.
PTS: 1 REF: Pages 7-8
5. What is the sequence of steps in the development of a digestive enzyme by
the pancreas cells from the initial transcription to the release from the cell?
a. The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus,
proceeds to the ribosome for synthesis, and is transported in a
secretory vesicle to the cell membrane.
b. The enzyme is transcribed from RNA by DNA in the nucleus,
proceeds to the lysosome for synthesis, and is transported in an
encapsulated membrane to the cell membrane.
c. The enzyme is transcribed by the mitochondria in the nucleus,
proceeds to the ribosome for synthesis, and is transported in a
cytoskeleton to the cell membrane.
d. The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus,
proceeds to the Golgi complex for synthesis, and is transported in a
cytosol to the cell membrane.
ANS: A
The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to
the ribosome for synthesis, and is transported in a secretory vesicle to the
cell membrane. The other options do not correctly describe this process.
NURSINGTB.COM
PTS: 1 REF: Page 7 | Figure 1-5
6. During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA synthesized?
a.G1 c. G2
b.S d. M
ANS: B
The four designated phases of the cell cycle are: (1) the G 1 phase (G = gap),
which is the period between the M phase (M = mitosis) and the start of DNA
synthesis; (2) the S phase (S = synthesis), during which DNA is synthesized
in the cell nucleus; (3) the G2 phase, during which RNA and protein
synthesis occurs, the period between the completion of DNA synthesis and
the next phase (M); and (4) the M phase, which includes nuclear and
cytoplasmic division.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 37
7. What organic compound facilitates transportation across cell membranes
NURSINGTB.COM
, by acting as receptors, transport channels for electrolytes, and enzymes to
drive active pumps?
a. Lipids c. Proteins
b. Proteases d. Carbohydrates
ANS: C
NURSINGTB.COM
