FQUALITATIVE
CHAPTER 2
data analyses here are subjective BUT any good analysis needs to be plausible,
coherent and grounded in the data
● appreciation that info always comes from somewhere
● here subjectivity is not treated as bias, tends to involve contextualized
analysis
2 CAMPS
1. Experiential qualitative-> validates the meanings, views, experiences
expressed in the data
● it is about interpretations
● getting inside someone’s mind
2. Critical qualitative -> interrogative stance towards the meanings or
experiences expressed in the data and uses them to explore other
phenomena
● it is about representations
Qualitative has a PURPOSIVE SAMPLING PROCESS
● Coding and analysis begins from the first interview
WHY QUALITATIVE MORE SUITABLE - MEANINGS
● focus on people’s framing around issues
● deeper understanding
● reality
● open-ended / exploratory
● scope of knowledge
DESCRIPTION
THICK-> when contexts of behavior were described
THIN-> when context was excluded
Divided in
REPRESENTATION & CONSTRUCTION
, ● interest in factors that create meaning AND the effects of patterns of
meanings
- LANGUAGE PRACTICE
the ways language is used to create versions of reality
KEY POINTS
● in setting out a framework for a research practice, methodology relies on
ontology and epistemology
QR AND ONTOLOGY
- refers to whether or not we think reality exists entirely separate from
human practices and understandings.
- Relativist ontology-> discourse analysis
- Critical realist -> we need to claim that some ‘authentic’ reality exists to
produce knowledge that might ‘make a difference’ - thematic analysis,
grounded theory etc.
POSITIVISM
- assume a straightforward relationship between the world and our
perception of it
CONSTRUCTIONISM
- argue that the world and what we know of it do not reflect what is out
there
CONTEXTUALISM
- sees knowledge as emerging from contexts
CHAPTER 3
A GOOD QR
-> one in which the method of the data analysis is appropriate to the research
question, and the data collection method generates data that appropriate to the
method of analysis
ROUTES TO RESEARCH DESIGN
● EPISTEMOLOGICAL -> LIVED EXPERIENCE
, ● POLITICAL
● TECHNICAL
● PRAGMATIC
QR research questions should have some social relevance and originality
RESEARCH QUESTIONS
1. it needs to suit QR
2. WHAT form of QR does it suit
THE FITS BEHIND QR
● Research aims specify what the research intends to achieve; they are the
purpose of the research
● Research objectives are more specific
Q AND THEORY MATCHING
● Contextualist perspective -> understanding the experience of something
for people
● Constructionist perspective -> looking at the construction of meaning
IMPLICATIONS
● we need to think ; In what ways good or bad might the research be
interpreted or used?
● Is it politically sensitive?
DATA SAMPLING
● 15-30 people
● more than 50 -> large sample
● sample question affected by what we want to know, the purpose of the
inquiry etc.
- saturation linked
STRATEGIES
- Purposive -> aim of generalisabillity
- Convenience
- Snowballing
CHAPTER 2
data analyses here are subjective BUT any good analysis needs to be plausible,
coherent and grounded in the data
● appreciation that info always comes from somewhere
● here subjectivity is not treated as bias, tends to involve contextualized
analysis
2 CAMPS
1. Experiential qualitative-> validates the meanings, views, experiences
expressed in the data
● it is about interpretations
● getting inside someone’s mind
2. Critical qualitative -> interrogative stance towards the meanings or
experiences expressed in the data and uses them to explore other
phenomena
● it is about representations
Qualitative has a PURPOSIVE SAMPLING PROCESS
● Coding and analysis begins from the first interview
WHY QUALITATIVE MORE SUITABLE - MEANINGS
● focus on people’s framing around issues
● deeper understanding
● reality
● open-ended / exploratory
● scope of knowledge
DESCRIPTION
THICK-> when contexts of behavior were described
THIN-> when context was excluded
Divided in
REPRESENTATION & CONSTRUCTION
, ● interest in factors that create meaning AND the effects of patterns of
meanings
- LANGUAGE PRACTICE
the ways language is used to create versions of reality
KEY POINTS
● in setting out a framework for a research practice, methodology relies on
ontology and epistemology
QR AND ONTOLOGY
- refers to whether or not we think reality exists entirely separate from
human practices and understandings.
- Relativist ontology-> discourse analysis
- Critical realist -> we need to claim that some ‘authentic’ reality exists to
produce knowledge that might ‘make a difference’ - thematic analysis,
grounded theory etc.
POSITIVISM
- assume a straightforward relationship between the world and our
perception of it
CONSTRUCTIONISM
- argue that the world and what we know of it do not reflect what is out
there
CONTEXTUALISM
- sees knowledge as emerging from contexts
CHAPTER 3
A GOOD QR
-> one in which the method of the data analysis is appropriate to the research
question, and the data collection method generates data that appropriate to the
method of analysis
ROUTES TO RESEARCH DESIGN
● EPISTEMOLOGICAL -> LIVED EXPERIENCE
, ● POLITICAL
● TECHNICAL
● PRAGMATIC
QR research questions should have some social relevance and originality
RESEARCH QUESTIONS
1. it needs to suit QR
2. WHAT form of QR does it suit
THE FITS BEHIND QR
● Research aims specify what the research intends to achieve; they are the
purpose of the research
● Research objectives are more specific
Q AND THEORY MATCHING
● Contextualist perspective -> understanding the experience of something
for people
● Constructionist perspective -> looking at the construction of meaning
IMPLICATIONS
● we need to think ; In what ways good or bad might the research be
interpreted or used?
● Is it politically sensitive?
DATA SAMPLING
● 15-30 people
● more than 50 -> large sample
● sample question affected by what we want to know, the purpose of the
inquiry etc.
- saturation linked
STRATEGIES
- Purposive -> aim of generalisabillity
- Convenience
- Snowballing
