ATI Fundamentals IV, Fluid Imbalances, Electrolytes Exam Questions With Verified Answers

ATI Fundamentals IV, Fluid Imbalances, Electrolytes Exam Questions With Verified Answers Involves infusing fluids via an IV catheter to administer medications, supplement fluid intake, or provide fluid replacement, electrolytes or nutrients - answerIV therapy What is the nurse's part with IV therapy? - answerRegulating the infusion, and being sure to deliver the right amount What is a fluid bolus? - answerLarge amount of IV fluid to give in a short time, usually less than 1 hour Why do we give a patient a fluid bolus? - answerFluid loss from dehydration, shock, hemorrhage, burns or trauma What are the advantages of IV therapy? - answerRapid absorption and onset of action, constant therapeutic blood levels, less irritation to SQ and muscle tissue What are disadvantages of IV therapy? - answerCirculatory fluid overload is possible if the volume of solution is large or infusion rate is rapid, immediate absorption leaves little time to correct errors, solutions and iv catheters can irritate lining of the vein, failure to maintain surgical asepsis can lead to local and systemic infection What ways do nurses administer IV medication? - answerGiving medication mixed in large volume of fluid as continuous IV such as potassium chloride and vitamins Delivering medication in premixed solution bags from medication's manufacturer Giving some intermittently in a small amount of solution through continuous IV with saline or heparin lock Infusing medications for short periods of time and on a schedule Using secondary IV bag Nurses giving an IV bolus should : - answerInject meds in short amounts of solution over a short amount of time Administer meds directly into peripheral IV or access port Preparing meds in correct concentration and safe rate Using extreme caution and observing for adverse reactions For older adult clients, clients taking anticoagulants or clients who have fragile veins (IV) the nurse should : - answerAvoid tourniquets, use BP cuff, do not slap extremity to visualize veins, avoid rigorous friction while cleaning the site If clients have edema (IV) the nruse should: - answerApply digital pressure over the selected vines to displace edema, apply pressure with swab of cleaning solution, cannulate the beings How do we prevent IV infections? - answerPreform hand hygiene, change IV sites according to policy, use sterile needle, wipe all ports with alcohol before inserting a syringe Pallor, local swelling at the site, decreased skin temp around the site, damp dressing, slowed rate of infusion - answerInfiltration What is the treatment of infiltration? - answerStop infusion and remove catheter, encourage range of motion, apply compress, restart procedure in another extremity Edema; throbbing, burning or pain at the site; increased skin temp; erythema; a red line up the arm with palpable band at vein site; slowed rate of infusion - answerPhlebitis What is the treatment for phlebitis? - answerDC infusion and remove catheter, apply warm compress, obtain specimens for culture at site What is the prevention of phlebitis? - answerRotate sites, avoid lower extremities, hand hygiene What are the four broad main complications of IV therapy? - answerInfiltration, phlebitis, hematoma, fluid overload, cellulitis, catheter embolus What percentage of fluid are men? - answer60-70% What percentage of fluid are women? - answer50-55% What percentage of fluid are the elderly? - answer47% What percentage of fluid are infants? - answer78-80%