AP European History Unit 1 Test Review Exam Questions with Verified Answers

renaissance - ANSWER-a distinct awakening for Europeans after the "darkness" of the Middle Ages during the fifteenth and sixteenth individualism - ANSWER-emphasis on and interest in the unique traits for each person secularism - ANSWER-the process of becoming more concerned with the world and less on religion and spirituality humanism - ANSWER-a literary and educational movement that was truly modern in that a class of non-clerical writers concerned themselves with secular issues but based their answers to current problems on the wisdom of the ancient Greeks and Romans. virtu - ANSWER-"the quality of being a man" Christian humanism - ANSWER-an intellectual movement in Northern Europe in the late 15th and early 16th centuries that combined the interest in the classics of the Italian renaissance, with an interest in the sources of early Christianity, including the New Testament and writings of the church doctrines printing press - ANSWER-a machine that allowed for mass production of religious and other literary titles reading revolution - ANSWER-caused by the printing press, reading became an individualized activity; books became cheaper, and ideas, propaganda, and education stimulus were able to speed more quickly mysticism - ANSWER-the belief that an individual, alone, unaided by church or sacraments, could commune with God bourgeoisie - ANSWER-servant-keeping middle class of France papal bull - ANSWER-an official proclamation that demanded Luther's recantation predestination - ANSWER-the idea that since God knows even before both whether a person is saved or damned, there is nothing anyone can do to win salvation civic humanism - ANSWER-an intellectual movement of the Italian renaissance that saw Cierco as the ideal and held that humanists should be involved in government and use rhetorical training in the service of the state.