BIOD 152- Module 4 Exam With Satisfied Solutions

BIOD 152- Module 4 Exam With Satisfied Solutions Infarction - -blood vessel is entirely blocked -causes tissue death in that area myocardial infarction (MI) - -portion of heart that dies due to lack of oxygen -if partially blocked: causes angina & radiating pain in left arm -other symptoms: shortness of breath, lightheadedness, pain in arm, jaw, neck, btwn shoulder blades, chest pressure Drugs for Thromboembolism - -streptokinase: produced by bacteria -t-PA: genetically engineered These convert plasminogen into plasmin which dissolves clots -Aspirin will reduce coagulation aka it is preventative Angioplasty - -surgical intervention for thromboembolism -surgeon threads a plastic tube into te artery arm or leg, tube is then guided through the blood vessel toward the heart, When the tube reaches the segment clogged by plaque in a coronary artery, the balloon attached to the end of the tube is inflated, forcing the vessel open Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) - -surgical intervention for thromboembolism -a segment of another blood vessel from the patient's body is stitched to one end of the aorta and the other end to a coronary artery past the point of obstruction. Once the heart is exposed, some physicians may also use lasers to open clogged coronary vessels Arterioles - -controlled by autonomic nervous system -responsible for peripheral resistance (varying blood pressure changed by external & internal conditions) What is the difference between arteries and veins - -Arteries: carry blood away from the heart, thick elastic walls, has a pulse, -veins: carry blood to the heart, thin compliant walls, has valves since it doesn't recoil Anatomy of arteries and veins - -lumen: opening -tunica externa: helps anchor the vessel to surrounding structures -tunica media: external elastic membrane, smooth muscle, & internal elastic membrane -tunica intima: sub-endothelial tissue & endothelium Why is the cardiovascular system a closed circulatory system? - the fluid contents are pumped from the heart throughout the body and back to the heart What are some functions of the cardiovascular system? - -Transportation of gases, nutrients waste -prevents loss of blood from ruptured vessels -helps fight off pathogens What does the study of the cardiovascular system cover? - -muscular heart -blood vessels -blood Where is the heart located? - Pericardial cavity within anterior portion of the mediastinum What separates the thoracic cavity into 2 pleural cavities? - mediastinum Layers of the heart - -pericardium: double layered, surrounded by fluid -myocardium: thickest layer -endocardium: continuous with blood vessels What anchors the heart to the diaphragm? - pericardium