CSCI 121 Exam 1 Study Questions with well explained answers

Computer Program - A set of instructions for a computer to follow Software - The collection of programs used by a computer Bit - A digit that can assume only the values 0 or 1 Byte - Eight-bit portion of memory High-level languages - Are designed to be easy for human beings to write programs in and be easy for human beings to understand Popular High Level Languages - C, C++, C#, Java, Python Compiler - A program that translates code in a high-level language (such as C++) into a machinelanguage program that the computer can directly understand and execute Linker - combines object code from a C++ program with the object code for program pieces Source Code - The input data from some other program Object Code - The output data that has been translated Five components of a computer: - Input Devices, Output Devices, Processer (CPU), Main Memory, Secondary Memory Three Properties of OOP - 1. encapsulation2. inheritance 3. polymorphism Steps of software life cycle - Planning Analysis design implementation Testing Maintenance Include directives and their purpose - #include <iostream> Tells the compiler where to find information about certain items that are used in your program Main function - int main() { } Main part of the program, braces indicate beginning and end of the main part of the program. Types of program errors: - error message warning messagerun-time errors Logic errors Type of comments: - // or /* ... */ Rules for variable names - -Must begin with a letter or underscore. -Followed by any sequence of letters, numbers of underscores (_) -No spaces -Case sensitive (uppercase and lowercase are different). Keywords and their meanings - words with predefined meanings that cannot be used as names for variables or anything else. italicized. do, for, if, else, bool, string, true, char, double, int, etc. Declare variables - tells the compiler and computer what kind of data you are storing in the variable Int - Declares the identifier to be a type int which means that when initializing, the variable after int MUST be a whole number