Human Biology: Urinary System-Questions and Answers Graded A+

Human Biology: Urinary System-Questions and Answers Graded A+ Organ system that plays a major role in maintaining the salt, water, and pH balance in the blood - ANSWER-Urinary System A waste product of amino acid metabolism - ANSWER-Urea A hormone released by the kidneys that regulates the production of red blood cells - ANSWER-Erythropoietin (EPO) Transports blood into the kidneys - ANSWER-Renal Artery Transports blood out of the kidneys - ANSWER-Renal Vein Transports urine from kidneys to the bladder Has a 3-layer wall: inner mucosa, smooth muscle, and outer fibrous coat - ANSWER-Ureter Outer, granulated layer of the kidney - ANSWER-Renal Cortex Contains cone-shaped tissue masses called renal pyramids within a kidney - ANSWER-Renal Medulla Central cavity of the kidney - ANSWER-Renal Pelvis Filter blood and produce urine - ANSWER-Nephrons A waste product resulting from the breakdown of creatine phosphate (muscle waste product) - ANSWER-Creatinine Aka micturition - ANSWER-Urination A part of the nephron that contains microvilli It specializes in the reabsorption of filtrate components - ANSWER-Proximal Convoluted Tubule A part of the nephron that forms a U-turn The descending limb allows water diffusion The ascending limb transports salts - ANSWER-Loop of the Nephron A part of the nephron that lacks microvilli Specializes in ion exchange - ANSWER-Distal Convoluted Tubule A knot of capillaries inside the glomerular capsule Responsible for the filtration water, salts, nutrient molecules, and waste molecules within the kidneys (glomerular filtrate) - ANSWER-Glomerulus A network of blood vessels within the nephron responsible for the reabsorption and secretion of nutrient molecules and ions - ANSWER-Peritubular Capillary Network Water channels that allow osmosis to occur during reabsorption in the peritubular capillary network - ANSWER-Aquaporins