Maryville NURS 611: Pathophysiology Exam 1 | 100% Correct | Verified | 2024 Version

What is the main component of the cell and what does it contain? - The nucleus; it contains the nucleolus What is the nucleolus composed of(4)? - RNA, Most of the cellular DNA, DNA-binding proteins, & histones What do histones do and why are they important? - They regulate DNA activity. -Histones bind to DNA and fold it into chromosomes for cell division. -DNA chain in eukaryotic cells are extensive so risk of breakage is high What are ribosomes? - RNA-protein complexes (nucleoproteins) that are synthesized in the nucleolus. -they provide sites for protein synthesis How do they get to the cytoplasm? - Through pores in the nuclear envelope called nuclear pore complexes (NPC's) Where can ribosomes be found? - -They may float freely in the cytoplasm -Attached to the outer membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) What is the Golgi complex (Golgi Apparatus)? - A network of flattened, smooth membranes and vesicles frequently located near the nucleus of the cell. What does the golgi apparatus do (2)? - -Takes proteins from the ER and processes/packages them into small membrane-bound sacs/vesicles called "secretory vesicles" -Refines them and directs traffic in the cell (Proteins, polysaccharides and polynucleotides)How do lysosomes maintain cellular health (4)? - - Efficient removal of toxic cellular components -Removal of useless organelles -Termination fo signal transduction -Signals cellular adaption