IACUC QUESTIONS & ANSWERS RATED 100% CORRECT

Cruelty to Animals Act 1876 - 1st law passed in Britain Regulation of animal experimentation Review of approval of animals in research (vertebrates only!) Act enforced: "the proposed experiments are absolutely necessary for the due instruction of the persons to save or prolong human life" Vivisection: required anesthesia, animal to be used only once, animal to be euthanized after experiment Brown Dog Affair - Dog not adequately anesthetized Had been used in more than 1 experiment Lawsuit against Prof. Starling was lost, but public outcry Animal Welfare Act 1966 - US federal law - started in 1965 dog napping (Pepper) Deals with treatment of animals in research, exhibition, commercial transport, breeding and sale Definition of "animal" under AWA: - live or dead dog, cat, nonhuman primate, guinea pig, hamster, rabbit - warmblooded animals used in research, teaching, testing, exhibition Animal Welfare Act - "Non-Animals" - Cold-blooded species: amphibians, reptiles, fish, invertebrates Birds, rats, mice: bred and subjected to research purposes Horses: unless used for research Livestock: intended as food or in agricultural research Animal Welfare Act Amendments - 1970 - term "animal" expanded to warm-blooded animals - now includes animal exhibitors and pet dealers - required use of pain-killing drugs1976 - includes animal transports - includes provision against animal fighting 1985 - IACUC created in research facilities - justification of animal use and numbers - includes physical and psychological well-being 1990 - cats and dogs held for a minimum of 5 days to give opportunity to reclaim pets 2002 - requires report on use of mice, rats, birds Health Research Extension Act 1985 - Calls for proper care and treatment of animals in biomedical and behavioral research - includes tranquilizers, analgesics, paralytics, euthanasia Covers ALL live vertebrates Enforced by Office of Laboratory Animal Welfare (OLAW) Applies to any individual scientist or institution receiving federal funds Requires each institution to have an IACUC Three R's - Refine Reduce Replace Refine - Current best practices used in study design and procedure selection Use non-invasive or less painful procedures Provide pain relief Reduce - Use appropriate number of animals (POWER ANALYSIS)Prohibits unnecessary duplication of previous work Share control groups between experiments Replace - Vertebrates with animals lower on phylogenetic scale Animals with non-animals alternatives Responsible Care and Use - Provide for animal wellbeing - appropriate caging and environmental considerations - adequate veterinary care - environmental enrichment - limit number of major operative procedures - setting human endpoints, humane euthanasia $ animal dosposition Personnel qualifications & training - insure all personnel have necessary training and skills - provide training in new techniques as necessary - consistency among personnel - laboratory safety training Humane Endpoints - Fish: blow to head, MS-222, Aqui-S Small vertebrate: isoflurane overdose Large vertebrate pentobarbital overdose Examples of Non-Compliance - Ask for 100 animals but end up using 150 Ask to capture with setnet but change and use beach seining Ask to capture Arctic cod but catch saffron instead Animals die during experiment Consequences of Non-Compliance - FinesAdditional Reduction of Professional Suspenson UAF is under review DEA Controlled Substances in Field - Can only be ordered by "authorized agent" Letter of authorization Approved storage container Access restricted to authorized individuals BEWARE when dealing with subsistence species Fish Euthanasia and Anesthesia in the Field - MS-222 - effective in lab setting - difficult in field: must be disposed 12 miles away from any water way; not metabolized for at least 3 weeks Aqui-S - safe in field, no food web concerns - not FDA approved, requires registration Before You Start - Consult UAF vet Prepare IACUC protocol Permits NOT start until protocol approved Complete all trainings Other Permitting Considerations - Covered: any marine mammal tissue or part (blubber, bone, hair, whisker, stomach contents) and parasites Not covered: feces, DNA, PCR productsMultiple IACUC's - All universities have an IACUC Some agencies have an IACUC