RN Adult Medical Surgical Nursing final and midterm exam questions and correct answers 2024/2025

A nurse is caring for a client who has a new diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus and reports difficulty following the diet and remembering to take the prescribed medication. Which of the following actions should the nurse take to promote client compliance? (SATA) A. Ask the dietitian to assist with meal planning B. Contact the client's support system C. Assess for age-related cognitive awareness D. Encourage the use of a daily medication dispenser E. Provide educational materials for home use - ANSWER A. Ask the dietitian to assist with meal planning B. Contact the client's support system D. Encourage the use of a daily medication dispenser E. Provide educational materials for home use A nurse in a health care clinic is evaluating the level of wellness for clients using the illness-wellness continuum tool. The nurse should identify which of the following clients as being at the center of the continuum? A. A college student who has influenza B. An older adult who has a new diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus C. A new mother who has a urinary infection D. A young male who has a long history of well-controlled rheumatoid arthritis - ANSWER D. A young male who has a long history of well-controlled rheumatoid arthritis A nurse is evaluating clients at a health fair for modifiable variables affecting health and wellness. The nurse should identify which of the following variables as modifiable? (SATA) A. Smoking on social occasions B. BMI of 28 C. Alopecia D. Trisomy 21 E. History of reflux - ANSWER A. Smoking on social occasions B. BMI of 28 E. History of reflux A nurse is caring for a client who was just informed of a new diagnosis of breast cancer. The nurse evaluates the client's response. Which of the following statements by the client reflects a lack of understanding of an illness perspective? A. "I have no family history of breast cancer." B. "I need a second opinion. There is no lump." C. "I am glad we live in the city near several large hospitals." D. "I will schedule surgery next week, over the holidays." - ANSWER B. "I need a second opinion. There is no lump." A nurse on a medical-surgical unit is caring for a group of clients. The nurse should notify the rapid response team for which of the following clients? A. Client who has a pressure injury of the right heel whose blood glucose is 300 mg/dL B. Client who reports right calf pain and shortness of breath C. Client who has blood on a pressure dressing in the femoral area following a cardiac catheterization D. Client who has dark red coloration of left toes and absent pedal pulse - ANSWER B. Client who reports right calf pain and shortness of breath A nurse is caring for a client who has ingested a toxic agent. Which of the following actions should the nurse plan to take? (SATA) A. Induce vomiting B. Instill activated charcoal C. Perform a gastric lavage with aspiration D. Administer syrup of ipecac E. Infuse IV fluids - ANSWER B. Instill activated charcoal C. Perform a gastric lavage with aspiration E. Infuse IV fluids A nurse in the emergency department is caring for a client who fell through the ice on a pond and is unresponsive and breathing slowly. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? (SATA) A. Remove wet clothing B. Maintain normal room temperature C. Apply warm blankets D. Use a rapid rewarming water of 40º C (104º to 108º F) E. Infuse warmed IV fluids - ANSWER A. Remove wet clothing C. Apply warm blankets D. Use a rapid rewarming water of 40º C (104º to 108º F) E. Infuse warmed IV fluids A nurse in the emergency department is assessing a client who is unresponsive. The client's partner states, "He was pulling weeds in the yard and slumped to the ground." Which of the following techniques should the nurse use to open the client's airway? A. Head-tilt, chin-lift B. Modified jaw thrust C. Hyperextension of the head D. Flexion of the head - ANSWER A. Head-tilt, chin-lift A nurse is reviewing the common emergency management protocol for clients who have asystole. Which of the following actions should the nurse plan to take during this cardiac emergency? A. Perform defibrillation B. Prepare for transcutaneous pacing C. Administer IV epinephrine D. Elevate the client's lower extremities - ANSWER C. Administer IV epinephrine A nurse is caring for a client who is postprocedure following lumbar puncture and reports a throbbing headache when sitting upright. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? (SATA) A. Use the Glasgow Coma Scale when assessing the client B. Assist the client to a supine position C. Administer an opioid medication D. Encourage the client to increase fluid intake E. Instruct the client to perform deep breathing and coughing exercises - ANSWER B. Assist the client to a supine position C. Administer an opioid medication D. Encourage the client to increase fluid intake A nurse is caring for a client who experienced a traumatic head injury and has an intraventricular catheter (ventriculostomy) for ICP monitoring. The nurse should monitor the client for which of the following complications related to the ventriculostomy? A. Headache B. Infection C. Aphasia D. Hypertension - ANSWER B. Infection A nurse is assessing a client for changes in the level of consciousness using the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS). The client opens his eyes when spoken to, speaks incoherently, and moves his extremities when pain is applied. Which of the following GCS scores should the nurse document? A. E2 + V3 + M5 = 10