MSN 571

MSN 571 verified 100% absorption IM drug - pediatric - slow and erratic b/c of low blood flow Absorption of drugs - Transfer of drugs from site of administration across cell membrane into the blood stream absorption oral drug- pediatric - delayed gastric emptying births to (6-8m) decease acidity from birth to 2 years absorption Transdermal drug - pediatric - rapid and complete bc striatum corner of infant skin is very thin, adverse drug reaction - any unexpected, unintended, undesired, or excessive response to a medication given at therapeutic dosages (as opposed to overdose) adverse drug reaction examples - allergic reaction, carcinogenic, teratogenic, hepatotoxic, affect QT interval adverse drug reaction-reaction-pediatric - glucocorticoids- growth supression tetracyclines - discolored teet Agonist - everts effects by activating receptor sites ; can make process so faster or slower alcohol drug interactions - NSAIDS CNS depressants Tylenol BP meds alcohol metabolism - average approx 15 ml/hr = 1 drink per hour alcohol physiologic effects - increase BP increase risk f heart failure Increase bone density liver damage gastritis diuretic decrease sexual function cancer affect fetus - pregnancy Antagonist - produce effects by preventing receptor activation Beers List - a list of drugs with high likelihood of causing adverse effects in older adults black box warning - strongest safety warning drug can have. Dextromethorphan - Delsym; cough suppressant OTC ; abused by teenagers and adolescent distribution - pediatric - drug easily assess blood brain barrier protein binding - amount of albumin is low Distribution of drugs - movement of drugs from systemic circulation to site of drug action Disulfiram - What drug is used to prevent alcohol consumption by causing unpleasant effects dose-response relationship - the relationship between the size of an administered dose and the intensity it produces drug ability to enter cell - binds with receptors on external surface of cell membrane Drug ability to exit vascular system - capillary bed- typical blood brain barreier placenta drug transfer protein binding - albumin Drug affinity - strength of attraction between a drug and its receptor drug excretion - elimination of a drug from the body Drug Excretion Routes - renal breast milk bile lungs sweat saliva drug half life - the time required for the amount of drug in the body to decrease by 50% Drug intrinsic activity - ability of drug to activate receptor upon binding. drug metabolism - the enzymatic biotransformation of a drug structure most occur in liver by P450 system Drug Selection - includes analysis of cost, guidelines, avaibalbility, interactions, side effects, allergies, hepatic and renal function, need for monitoring, special precautions i.e elderly Drug selectivity - drug is effective in intended use w/out harmful effects but causes undesired effects (BP but nausea)