NSG 300 Exam Questions And Answers (Verified And Updated)

NSG 300 Exam Questions And Answers (Verified And Updated) body mechanics - answercoordinated efforts of the musculoskeletal and nervous systems Alignment and balance - answerposture gravity - answerweight force exerted on the body friction - answerforce that occurs in a direction opposite to movement skeletal system - answerprovides attachments for muscles and ligaments, protects vital organs, aids in calcium regulation joints - answerAreas where two or more bones join together ligaments - answerConnect bone to bone tendons - answerConnect muscle to bone cartilage - answerstrong connective tissue that supports the body and is softer and more flexible than bone skeletal muscles are... - answerworking elements of movement because of their ability to contract and relax (activity practice) Postural abnormalities - answercan cause pain, impair alignment or mobility to both Torticollis - answerhead tilt due to shortening or spasm of one sternomastoid muscle lordosis - answerexaggeration of anterior convex of lumbar spine kyphosis - answerexcessive outward curvature of the spine, causing hunching of the back. scoliosis - answerLateral S- or C-shaped spinal column with vertebral rotation, unequal heights of hips and shoulders Congenital Hip Dysplasia - answerHip instability with limited abduction of hips and occasionally adduction contractures Knock-knee (genu valgum) - answerLegs curved inward so knees come together as person walks Bowlegs (genu varum) - answerOne or both legs bent outward at knee, which is normal until 2 to 3 years of age clubfoot - answer95%: medial deviation and plantar flexion of foot (equinovarus) 5%: lateral deviation and dorsiflexion (calcaneovalgus) footdrop - answerInability to dorsiflex and invert foot because of peroneal nerve damage mobility - answerrefers to a person's ability to move about freely bed rest - answeran intervention that restricts patients to bed for therapeutic reasons what are the hazards of immobility? (effects of muscular deconditioning?) - answerdisuse atrophy physiological psychological social disuse atrophy - answertendency of cells and tissue to reduce in size and function in response to prolonged inactivity resulting from bed rest, trauma, casting, or local nerve damage Immobility: Metabolic Changes - answer-Decreased metabolic rate -Altered metabolism of carbs, fats, and proteins -Fluid, electrolyte, and calcium imbalances -Calcium reabsorption, release of calcium into circulation leads to hypocalcemia with increased chance of renal calculi -Negative nitrogen balance calcium reabsorption and immobility - answerimmobility causes the release of calcium into the circulation (usually the kidneys excrete calcium but are unable to do so) so hypercalcemia results GI system and immobility - answercan cause constipation due to slowing peristalsis immobility can alter metabolism which alters_______? - answerwound healing metabolic effects of immobility - answerEndocrine, calcium absorption (hypercalcemia), and GI function(constipation) Respiratory effects of immobility - answerAtelectasis and hypostatic pneumonia cardiovascular effects of immobility - answerorthostatic hypotension, thrombus