OCANZ Final Exam Study Guide |Graded A+| Question and Answer

OCANZ Final Exam Study Guide |Graded A+| Question and Answer How many Australians have diabetes? *Ans* 1.7 million What % of diabetes is type 2? 90% *Ans* 90% What is type 1 diabetes? *Ans* Immune mediated destruction of B cells What is type 2 diabetes? B cell dysfunction and insulin resistance *Ans* B cell dysfunction and insulin resistance Who is at risk of type 2 diabetes? *Ans* 40, waistline 80cmF/94cmM, south Asian or African descent, polycystic ovaries, gestational diabetes, mental illness medication How is type 2 diabetes diagnosed? *Ans* Venous plasma glucose 11.1mmol/l, 7.0mmol/l fasting, HbA1c 48 mmol/mol (6.5%) Name diabetic meds types: *Ans* Metformin, Thiazolidenediones (pioglitazone), suplhonylureas (gliclazide), meglitinides, DPP-4 inhibitors (sitagliptin), glucosidase inhibitors What is prevalence of DR after two decades? *Ans* 100% type 1, 60% type 2 What are the consequences of microvascular occlusion in DR? *Ans* Hypoxia - IRMA and NV What are the consequences of microvascular leakage in DR? Haems, plasma leakage - oedema and exudates *Ans* Haems, plasma leakage - oedema and exudates What is R1? *Ans* Flame, dot haems, singular blot haem What is R2? *Ans* CWS, exudates, IRMA, venous changes, x2 blot haems What is R3? *Ans* NVD, NVW, Rubeosis iridis, pre-retinal haems What are the types of diabetic maculopathy? *Ans* Focal, diffuse, ischaemic, mixed What do you need to provide medicare treatment? *Ans* A provider number Who is a green medicare card for? *Ans* A permanent resident or citizen of Australia Whois a blue medicare card for? *Ans* Someone waiting for permanent residence - a temporary medicare card What is a RHCA? *Ans* A reciprocal health care agreement c