A4M Board Review Questions and Answers

A4M Board Review Leptin (high serum leptin correlated with increased fat stores/weight gain; also seen in IR bec brain not responding to leptin signals so keep eating-wt gain) - Answer- hormone that suppresses appetite, produced in fat cells, epithelium and stomach, acts on receptors in hypothalamus to tell it "I'm full, stop eating", also stimulates gnRH, LH, FSH from ant. pituitary Glucagon - Answer- lipolytic, activates triglyceride lipase in adipose tissue via cAMP, causes increased blood levels of fatty acids & glycerol BMR - Answer- amount of daily energy expended while at rest, only enough energy is produced for vital organ functioning, as it increases, the # of mitochondria in the body increases as well Resveratrol - Answer- binds to and stimulates Sir2 sirtuin enzyme mimicking the effect of caloric restriction on longevity; it modulates insulin-mediated glucose uptake in muscles, it inhibits gene expression profiles associated with skeletal and cardiac mm aging CRP - Answer- what inflammatory marker is inversely correlated to bone mineral density True - Answer- T or F: in both men and women, GH reduces cortical osteocalcin; thus it increases trabecular and cortical bone content DHEA - Answer- This hormone affects immune function by increasing monocytes, increasing IGF1, incr B cells, incr T cell mitogenic response, incr cells expression of IL2 & IL3, thus fuctionally activating T lymphocytes; most abundant hormone in the body; inhibits breast cancer progression, prevents blood clots, decreases bone loss, increases memory, increases lean body mass; produced by cholesterol Cortisol - Answer- only hormone that increases with age, involved in stress response, increases BP, BGlucose, suppresses immune function somatostatin - Answer- inhibits release of GH and TSH, decreases gastric emptying, inhibits GI hormones IGF1 - Answer- active mediator of FH potassium - Answer- this mineral decreases BP, prevents MI, lowers risk of stroke, may help prevent DM 2 if taken with thiazide diuretic which causes its deficiency calcium - Answer- this mineral important for strong bones and teeth, regulates mm contraction and relaxation, maintains acid/alkaline pH of body magnesium - Answer- acts as mild Ca-antagonist on vascular smooth muscle false (not smoking or exercise) - Answer- True or False: Triglyceridemia commonly caused by diabetes, insulin resistance, smoking, obesity, exercise false - Answer- True or false: Protein intake raises BP