Galen NUR 242 Exam 4 – Cardiovascular | 100% Correct Answers | Verified | Latest 2024 Version

What is the equation for cardiac output? - CO = HR x SV What is preload? - the heart is being stretched out What does preload reflect? - how much fluid is in the heart What is afterload? - resistance the ventricle must overcome to eject blood Example of increased preload - CHF Example of increased afterload - hypertension What is blood pressure? - force of blood against vessel walls What is systolic blood pressure? - amount of pressure generated by the left ventricle to distribute blood into the aorta with each CONTRACTION of the heart What is diastolic blood pressure? - amount of pressure against the arterial walls during RELAXATION of the heart What is the equation for MAP? - 2(diastolic) + systolic / 3 What is the minimum the MAP can be to maintain adequate perfusion? - no less than 60 What is another name for orthostatic changes? - postural hypotensionA decrease of more than 20 mmHg systolic or more than 10 mmHg diastolic pressure with an increase in heart rate - orthostatic change How do you measure orthostatic changes? - Check blood pressure in the following order: after laying supine for 3 minutes, after sitting for 1 minute and standing **Keep cuff in same place** What precautions are important for a patient experiencing orthostatic changes? - fall Who is at risk for orthostatic changes? - prolonged bed rest, medications, dehydration, volume depletion, autonomic nervous system disorders Cardiovascular assessment - general apperance, skin, weight, edema, extremities, blood pressure Markers of myocardial damage - troponin, creatinine kinase, CKMB