MICR 3033 Final Question with Complete Solutions

10.1Q1 Define three stages of the cell cycle? Correct Answer-Interphase G0: where cells rest G1: where cells grow and expand S: where DNA is replicated G2: where cells repair damaged DNA and duplicate centrosomes Cell division (M) phase Where cells undergo nuclear and cytoplasmic division 10.2Q1 What are cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks)? Correct Answer-A small family of protein kinases that regulate the transition of various phases in the cell cycle. CDKs are small proteins that mainly carry a kinase domain which phosphorylates target proteins. 10.3Q1 What are cell cycle checkpoints? Correct Answer-G1/S checkpoint: triggers DNA replication G2/M checkpoint: checks for complete and accurate DNA replication, size, and availability of chemical resources needed for cell division M checkpoint: assures chromosome segregation and spindle assembly 10.4Q1 Describe the steps of M-CDKs activation. Correct Answer-Cyclin dependent kinases have to associate with a cyclin to activate; M-cyclins associate with the kinase; more steps with an activating kinase, inhibiting kinase, and a phosphatase that all receive input signals to control when M-CDKs are activ