NR 293 Final Exam 3 (2023/2024) Verified
Questions and Answers
bacteriostatic
drugs that do not kill the bacteria, but slows their growth
culture and sensitivity
take a blood culture so we can determine where the bacteria is growing; sensitivity report determines
the best treatment
antibiotic combos
Additive
potentiative
antagonisitic
empiric therapy
treatment of an infection before specific culture information has been obtained
definitive therapy
antibiotic therapy tailored to treat organisms identified with cultures
prophylactic therapy
treatment with antibiotics to prevent an infection, as in intraabdominal surgery or after trauma
MOA of sulfonamides
Bacteriostatic
inhibit bacterial growth
prevent bacterial synthesis of folic acid
uses of sulfonamides
Gramp positive and negative, broad spectrum
respiratory tract infections
infections of the small bowel
UTIs: enterobacter, ecoli, klebsiella, proteus vulgaris, staphylococcus aureus
contraindications of sulfonamides
drug allergy
pregnant women
infants younger than 2 months
potassium
oral contraceptives (ineffective)
Adverse effects of sulfonamides
mild to moderate rash
photosensitivity
GI distress
stomatitis
crystalluria
,fatigue
depression
headache
dizziness
blood dyscrasias
Steven Johnsons syndrome
renal failure
hyperkalemia
prototype for sulfonamides, and administration
sulfamethoxazole combined with trimethropim
Administered IV, PO, Topical
patient education/ nursing interventions for sulfonamides
Pt. Education:
take with a full glass of water
increase fluid intake
report sore throat, bruising, bleeding
avoid direct sunlight
Nursing interventions:
push fluids
Monitor CBC
signs of bleeding (liver damage)
check for superinfection
beta lactam penicilins MOA
safest class
bacteriocidal
inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis
uses of penicillins
strep
staph
pneumonia
meningitis
skin, bone, and joint infections
stomach infections
blood and valve infections
gas gangrene
tetanus
anthrax
sickle cell anemia in infants
broad spectrum penicillin
bacteriocidal
ecoli
salmonella
influenza
adverse effects of penicillin
,allergy most common
rash
pruritus
fever
anaphylaxis
lowered WBC, RBC, platelet count
GI upset
patient education for penicillins
side effects
bleeding
increase fluid intake
take with food
drugs for penicillin
broad spectrum:
amoxicillin
combination:
piperacillin plus tazobactam (zosyn)
give 3 times a day infused over 4 hours or every 6 hours infused over 1 hour
cephalosporins MOA
largest class
interfere with bacterial cell wall synthesis, bind to the same penicillin binding proteins
uses of cephalosporins
treatment of gram positive and negative anaerobic bacteria
mostly gram negative
patients who cannot tolerate the less expensive penicillins
respiratory infections
urinary infections
skin infections
bone and joint infections
genital infections
contraindications of cephalosporins
may cause cross allergy potential with penicillin
adverse effects of cephalosporins
weakness
pruritus
GI distress
high doses can cause
bleeding
seizures
nephrotoxicity
patient education of cephalosporins
, side effects
administration
monitor kidney function with 1st generation
drugs for cephalosporins
first generation
Cefazolin (ancef)
not effective for beta lactase
gram positive bacteria
may cause kidney toxicity
macrolides MOA
broad spectrum
inhibit protein synthesis
binds reversibly to 50S ribosomal subunits of microbes
uses of macrolides
whooping cough
legionnaires disease
Hpylori
streptococcus
influenza
mycoplasma pneumonia
generic use:
respiratory
GI tract
skin
soft tissue
adverse effects of macrolides
tinnitus
ototoxicity
mild GI distress
diarrhea
abdominal pain
superinfectionm
hepatotoxicity
patient education/ nursing interventions
Patient education:
finish full regimen
monitor hepatic function
food-drug interactions (fruit juices)
take on empty stomach
Nursing interventions:
monitor hepatic function
bleeding, bruising, dark tea looking urine, jaundice
drugs for macrolides
Questions and Answers
bacteriostatic
drugs that do not kill the bacteria, but slows their growth
culture and sensitivity
take a blood culture so we can determine where the bacteria is growing; sensitivity report determines
the best treatment
antibiotic combos
Additive
potentiative
antagonisitic
empiric therapy
treatment of an infection before specific culture information has been obtained
definitive therapy
antibiotic therapy tailored to treat organisms identified with cultures
prophylactic therapy
treatment with antibiotics to prevent an infection, as in intraabdominal surgery or after trauma
MOA of sulfonamides
Bacteriostatic
inhibit bacterial growth
prevent bacterial synthesis of folic acid
uses of sulfonamides
Gramp positive and negative, broad spectrum
respiratory tract infections
infections of the small bowel
UTIs: enterobacter, ecoli, klebsiella, proteus vulgaris, staphylococcus aureus
contraindications of sulfonamides
drug allergy
pregnant women
infants younger than 2 months
potassium
oral contraceptives (ineffective)
Adverse effects of sulfonamides
mild to moderate rash
photosensitivity
GI distress
stomatitis
crystalluria
,fatigue
depression
headache
dizziness
blood dyscrasias
Steven Johnsons syndrome
renal failure
hyperkalemia
prototype for sulfonamides, and administration
sulfamethoxazole combined with trimethropim
Administered IV, PO, Topical
patient education/ nursing interventions for sulfonamides
Pt. Education:
take with a full glass of water
increase fluid intake
report sore throat, bruising, bleeding
avoid direct sunlight
Nursing interventions:
push fluids
Monitor CBC
signs of bleeding (liver damage)
check for superinfection
beta lactam penicilins MOA
safest class
bacteriocidal
inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis
uses of penicillins
strep
staph
pneumonia
meningitis
skin, bone, and joint infections
stomach infections
blood and valve infections
gas gangrene
tetanus
anthrax
sickle cell anemia in infants
broad spectrum penicillin
bacteriocidal
ecoli
salmonella
influenza
adverse effects of penicillin
,allergy most common
rash
pruritus
fever
anaphylaxis
lowered WBC, RBC, platelet count
GI upset
patient education for penicillins
side effects
bleeding
increase fluid intake
take with food
drugs for penicillin
broad spectrum:
amoxicillin
combination:
piperacillin plus tazobactam (zosyn)
give 3 times a day infused over 4 hours or every 6 hours infused over 1 hour
cephalosporins MOA
largest class
interfere with bacterial cell wall synthesis, bind to the same penicillin binding proteins
uses of cephalosporins
treatment of gram positive and negative anaerobic bacteria
mostly gram negative
patients who cannot tolerate the less expensive penicillins
respiratory infections
urinary infections
skin infections
bone and joint infections
genital infections
contraindications of cephalosporins
may cause cross allergy potential with penicillin
adverse effects of cephalosporins
weakness
pruritus
GI distress
high doses can cause
bleeding
seizures
nephrotoxicity
patient education of cephalosporins
, side effects
administration
monitor kidney function with 1st generation
drugs for cephalosporins
first generation
Cefazolin (ancef)
not effective for beta lactase
gram positive bacteria
may cause kidney toxicity
macrolides MOA
broad spectrum
inhibit protein synthesis
binds reversibly to 50S ribosomal subunits of microbes
uses of macrolides
whooping cough
legionnaires disease
Hpylori
streptococcus
influenza
mycoplasma pneumonia
generic use:
respiratory
GI tract
skin
soft tissue
adverse effects of macrolides
tinnitus
ototoxicity
mild GI distress
diarrhea
abdominal pain
superinfectionm
hepatotoxicity
patient education/ nursing interventions
Patient education:
finish full regimen
monitor hepatic function
food-drug interactions (fruit juices)
take on empty stomach
Nursing interventions:
monitor hepatic function
bleeding, bruising, dark tea looking urine, jaundice
drugs for macrolides
