UC Berkeley Psych 1 Final Questions & Answers Already Passed!!

sensation - conversion of energy from the environment into a pattern of response by the nervous system perception - interpretation of sensation stimuli - energies from the world around us that affect us in some way receptors - specialized cells to stimuli into signals for the nervous system pupil - the hole in the eye that is adjusted open or closed for light iris - the colored structure around the pupil vitreous humor - jellylike substance found behind the lens in the posterior cavity of the eye that maintains its shape retina - layer of visual receptors covering the back surface of the eyeball cornea - rigid transparent surface on the outer surface of the eyeball, focuses the light on the retina lens - a flexible structure that can vary in thickness allowing the eyes to accommodate or adjust its focus for objects at different differences lens shape - thinner and flatter for distant objects thicker and rounder for closer objectsfovea - the central area of the retina, consists of all cones cones - for color vision, less of them, for day vision rods - vision in dim light, more of them than cones, night vision how we see - Light is composed of pulses of electromagnetic energy that vary in both wavelength and amplitude The amplitude of the electromagnetic wave is what determines the intensity (brightness) of the light The wavelength (i.e. frequency) of the light pulse is what determines the hue (color) of the light wave The Optic Nerve - a collection of cells that is responsible for carrying the information processed by your eye to the brain The path of vision after the eye - optic nerve - optic chiasm - optic track - visual area of the thalamus - visual cortex blind spot - retinal area where the optic nerve exits; no photoreceptors here trichromatic theory - young-helmholtz theory, says that our receptors respond to three primary colors depending on short, medium, or long wavelengths opponent-process theory - we perceive colors in terms of paired opposites, red vs green, yellow vs blue, white vs black negative afterimages - experiences of one color after the removal of another color constancy - the tendency of a color to appear nearly the same under a variety of lighting conditionsretinex theory - we perceive color when the cerebral cortex compares carious retinal patterns sound waves - vibrations of the air or of another medium Hz (hertz) - measures frequency of a sound