WGP EXAM 1 | Questions and Answers | Graded A+

Legal Equality Doctrine - Equality is possible only when the differences between men and women are erased by laws that require men and women to be treated equally Fairness Doctrine - consciously recognizes the differences between men and women and argues that women will always be disadvantaged if they are not somehow compensated for the social, economic and political consequences of these differences patriarchy - the pervasive control men exercise over social, economic and political power and resources Separate Spheres Ideology - because of women's role in reproduction, they are best suited to occupy the private sphere of home and family, whereas men are designed to occupy the public sphere of work and politics. Muller v. Oregon (1908) - Case that upheld protective legislation on the grounds of women's supposed physical weakness. [Muller allowed women to work 10+ hours which was against oregon law. The supreme court declared that women's interests were less important than family responsibilities.] Formal representation - Mechanisms in politics that ensure representation. Ex: someone has been given the legal authority to act on my behalf Descriptive representation - Women representing other women on the basis of gender, race, sexuality etc. Not necessarily working their interests -> identity ptx. symbolic representation - Use of symbols to elicit an attitude/emotion. Ex. Obama presidency for black Americans -> sometimes calls into question gov't legitimacy Substanitative representation - Occurs when women act for other women by pursuing interests FOR women. -> not just the act of being a woman, actual policies and actions by those in power.