NR 283 Pathophysiology Exam Test Questions 2024

A pathology report identifies abnormal changes in the size, shape, and organization of mature cells. How would the nurse best classify these changes? - Dysplasia Which cellular change occurs in the liver of someone who has had a lobe of the liver removed? - Regeneration What does the nurse understand to be the most common cause of cellular injury? - Hypoxia During childhood, the thymus decreases in size. This is referred to as what type of atrophy? - Physiologic atrophy A nurse examines callouses on a patients feet. Which cellular adaptation has likely occurred in the epithelium causing thickness of skin? - Hyperplasia A nurse is caring for a patient with down syndrome. What category of genetic disorder does down syndrome represent? - Chromosome disorder The nurse is aware that ____________ can cause edema. - Increased capillary permeability What is true regarding Down Syndrome? - The typical physical characteristics are present at birth. What term refers to a combination of decreased circulating blood volume combined with excess fluid in the body cavity? - Third-Spacing Chemical mediators are released during the inflammatory response. What two of these are chemical mediators. - Histamine and bradykinin Which of the following would be at the greatest risk for an opportunistic infection? - A. 18 yr with diabetes B. 70 yr with CHF C. 24 yr who is immunocompromised D. 30 yr with pneumonia Answer: C A 20yr male shoots his hand with a nail gun while replacing roofing shingles. Which of the following cell types would be the first to aid in killing bacteria to prevent infection in his hand? - A. Eosinophils B. Neutrophils C. Leukotrienes