NR283 Advanced Exam 5 2024 Chamberlain

osmosis - movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane osmotic pressure: definition - the force that attracts water across a semi-permeable membrane water attractors in osmosis - - sodium - albumin passive diffusion - - solutes crossing a semi-permeable membrane down a concentration gradient - No ATP needed facilitated diffusion - - solutes moving across a semi-permeable membrane from low concentration to high - ATP required anaerobic respiration - Respiration that does not require oxygen aerobic respiration - Respiration that requires oxygen where does the Krebs cycle take place? - mitochondria Krebs cycle: Aerobic respiration important characteristic - - produces a bunch of ATP - no byproducts Krebs cycle: Anaerobic respiration important characteristics - - produces 2 ATP - byproducts: pyruvic acid, lactic acid - leads to metabolic acidosis - temporary Na+K+ pump - uses ATP to keep K+ inside cell and Na+ outside cell to create resting potential (2:3 ratio) resting potential (Na+K+ pump) - - Imbalance of electrical charge that exists between the interior of electrically excitable neurons and their surroundings. - Move sodium ions outside the neuron and more potassium ions inside that neuron action potential (Na+K+ pump) - i. When different ions cross the neuron membrane ii. Stimulus first causes sodium channels to open and sodium ions rush into the neuron because more sodium outside cell and inside is negatively charged Why does majority of the salt need to remain outside of the cell? - water would rush in and burst the cells Pathophysiology - the study of how disease processes affect the normal function of the body