NR 283 Pathophysiology Advanced Exam 2024

Etiology - Cause of particular disease on microscopic level Pathogenesis - Story of how disease develops Atrophy - Decrease in the size of the cells, results in reduced tissue mass Hypertrophy - Increase in cell size, results in enlarged tissue mass Hyperplasia - Increased number of cells, results in enlarged tissue mass Metaplasia - Mature cell type is replaced by a different mature cell type, Ex: chronic smokers, cells lose cilia Dysplasia - Cells are different looking varying in size and shape Neoplasia - New growth, commonly a tumor. May be malignant or benign Apoptosis - Programmed cell death, normal occurrence in the body Ischemia - Deficit of oxygen in the cells Hypoxia - Reduced oxygen in the tissues Iatrogenic - illness or disease process because a medical process was done ex: CAUTI Autosomal Recessive Disorders - Has to have two recessive genes to have disease, only one recessive gene to be carrier ex: Cystic fibrosis, PKU (phenylketonuria), Tay-Sachs Cystic fibrosis - autosomal recessive disorder that causes thick mucous secretions PKU (phenylketonuria) - autosomal recessive disorder that causes an inability to metabolize phenylalanine. Can cause mental retardation. Pt must follow strict very low protein diet Tay-Sachs - autosomal recessive disorder that causes an enzyme to not be produced causing fatty proteins build up causing destruction of nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord Autosomal Dominant Disorders - Only takes one gene for disease to show. There are no carriers, either have disease or don't. Marfan Syndrome, Huntington's, Familial Hypercholesterolemia