NEW PORTAGE LEARNING NURS 251 PHARMACOLOGY MODULE 4 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS Hypertension - -answer --most often patients are asymptomatic -headache, visual changes, and dizziness are experienced -most common of all cardiovascular diseases affecting 60 million Americans Therapy options for Hypertension (4) - -answer --Diuretics -B adrenergic -Blocking Agents -Calcium Channel Blockers -Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors Diuretics - -answer --Considered first line of therapy fro hypertension -Works by promoting excretion of sodium and water which in turn decreases blood volume and pressure What are the two major types of diuretics - -answer -Thiazide diuretics loop diuretics Thiazide diuretics (what is the most commonly used) - -answer --Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) (most commonly used thiazide) for hypertension -frequently associated with xerostomia -must avoid orthostatic hypotension Loop diuretics (what is most commonly used) - -answer --Fluosemide (Lasix) is most common loop diuretic -Used I the management of hypertensive patients with CHF B-Adrenergic Blocking Agents - -answer --lower blood pressure primarily by decreasing cardiac output -considered the second line therapy Examples of B -Adrenergic Blocking Agents (2) - -answer --Propranolo (Interpol) -Metaprolo (Lopressor) What will happen if patients taking nonspecific B -blockers such as propranolol are given epinephrine - -answer -May have a two to four fold increase in vas odepressor response -Use caution with Epinephrine -neither gingival retraction cord containing epinephrine nor 1:50,000 epinephrine should be used. Calcium Channel Blockers - -answer -Works by producing systemic vasodilation by blocking vasoconstriction i n smooth muscle of blood vessels Effects not reduced by NSAIDS What is one of the few antihypertensive agent whose effect is not reduced by NSAIDS - -answer -Calcium channel blockers Common oral manifestations of calcium channel blockers - -answer -Xerosto mia gingival enlargement Common calcium channel blocking agents - -answer --Cardizem (Dilitiazem) -Norvasc (Amylodipine) -Verapamil (Isoptin, Calan) -Nifedipine (Procardia, Adalat) Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACE) - -answer -Blood pressure is lowered when these drugs block the conversion of Angiotensin I and Angiotensin II (causes dilation) Cardiovascular diseases include.. (6) - -answer -Hypertension Angina Heart attack Congestive heart failure Arrhythmias Cerebrovascular accident What is th e leading cause of death in the US - -answer -Cardiovascular diseases Cardiovascular Contraindications to dental treatment (5) - -answer -Acute myocardial infarction (w/in the preceding 3 -6 mo) Unstable (or recent onset) angina Uncontrolled congestive heart failure Uncontrolled arrhythmias Significant uncontrolled hypertension (180/110) Cardiovascular drugs are used to treat (3) - -answer -Congestive heart failure Angina hypertension What is the most common type of drug used to treat CHF and how? - -answer -Digitalis Glycosides Increases contractile strength What is the most commonly used product (Digitalis Glycosides) to treat CHF - -answer -
Digoxin (lanoxin) What happens when Digoxin are used in combination with sympathomimetics - -
answer -Can lead to cardiac arrhythmias, so vasoconstrictors added to local anesthetics should be used with caution
Digoxin (lanoxin) What happens when Digoxin are used in combination with sympathomimetics - -
answer -Can lead to cardiac arrhythmias, so vasoconstrictors added to local anesthetics should be used with caution
