ASPEN Chapter Questions

ASPEN Chapter Questions Which of the following practices is most likely to succeed in improving oral nutrient intake in patients with a prolonged history of weight loss due to poor intake, nausea, and depressed appetite? A. Providing a high-energy oral liquid supplement 3 times daily B. Offering 6 small, low-fat meals daily C. Ordering fiber-supplemented snacks 3 times daily D. Planning primarily solid meals and limiting fluids - B. Offering 6 small, low-fat meals daily Prolonged negative energy balance results in stomach's adaptive accommodation function to decline. Three meals may cause fullness, nausea, slow gastric emptying. Which of the following statements explains why fermentable fiber is a beneficial addition to enteral formulas? A. Colonic bacteria act on the fiber to produce SCFAs that provide an energy source to the intestinal mucosa. B. Colonic bacteria act on the fiber to produce SCFAs, which, in turn, exert trophic effects on the intestinal mucosa. C. Fermentable fiber may help control diarrhea by slowing gastric emptying. D. All of the above. - D. All of the above. Fermentable fibers (pectin, gums, fructooligosaccharides [FOS]) are metabolized by colonic bacteria to produce SCFAs, which provide a significant source of energy for & exerting trophic effects on intestinal lining. Not recommended for diarrhea casued by C. diff. Which of the following nutrients is added to rehydration liquids to promote water absorption in patients with diarrhea? A. Sodium and glucose B. Amino acids C. Long-chain fatty acids D. Alcohol - A Sodium and glucose. The presence of sodium in the lumen facilitates glucose absorption. When more sodium is absorbed, more water from the lumen is absorbed. Which of the following is the largest component of total energy expenditure (TEE)? A. RMR B. Thermogenic effect of digestion C. Physical activity D. Metabolic stress - A. RMR RMR constitutes 60-75% of TEE. Thermogenic effect of digestion contributes no more than 10%. Activity contributes 5-30%. Metabolic stress contributes less than 50%, with the exception of burns and sepsis. Which of the following is the most commonly used method for assessing energy expenditure? A. Indirect calorimetry (IC) B. Predictive equations C. The reverse Fick equation D. Doubly labeled water - B. Predictive equations. IC is more accurate than predictive equations, but us underused d/t equipment expense to purchase and operate; and some pts cannot be measured for various technical/physiological reasons. Which parameter is measured when using IC? A. Heat loss B. Catabolic rate C. Gas exchange D. Free energy balance - C. Gas exchange. IC measures respiratory gas exchange (the difference between inspired and expired