Pathophysiology Exam 2 Rasmussen University Winter 2021
Pathophysiology Exam 2 Rasmussen
University Winter 2021/ 115 Questions
and Answers/ Causes, Manifestations
and Treatment / Newly Reviewed 2024-
2025.
Gastritis - Answer: an inflammation of the stomachs mucosal lining. It can involve
the entire stomach or a region.
1|Page
, Pathophysiology Exam 2 Rasmussen University Winter 2021
Manifestations: Include indigestion, heartburn, epigastric pain, abdominal
cramping, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, fever, and malaise.
Hematemesis and dark, tarry stools can indicate ulceration and bleeding.
Causes: excessive alcohol use, chronic vomiting, stress, or certain medications
such as aspirin or anti- inflammatory drugs.
Can also be caused by H. pylori- bacteria that lives in lining of stomach, bile reflux,
or infections.
Acute gastritis - Answer: Can be a mild, transient irritation, or it can be a severe
ulceration with hemorrhage
Usually develops suddenly and is likely to be accompanied by nausea and
epigastric pain
Chronic gastritis - Answer: Develops gradually. May be asymptomatic, but usually
accompanied by a dull epigastric pain and a sensation of fullness after minimal
intake.
Can be further categorized as erosive or nonerosive. Complications: peptic ulcers,
gastric cancer, and hemorrhage
2|Page
, Pathophysiology Exam 2 Rasmussen University Winter 2021
gastritis Treatment - Answer: Acute is often self-limiting and resolves within 3
days. Treatment strategies for acute vary depending on the underlying etiology
(e.g., antibiotics).
Treatment strategies for chronic include etiology-specific interventions, antacids,
acid-reducing agents, and mucosal barrier agents.
Gastroenteritis - Answer: Inflammation of the stomach and intestines, usually
because of an infection or allergic reaction
GERD - Answer: gastroesophageal reflux disease- where chyme periodically backs
up from the stomach into the esophagus.
Causes: are certain foods like chocolate, caffeine, carbonated bevs, citrus fruit,
tomatoes, spicy or fatty foods, peppermint, alcohol, nicotine, obesity, pregnancy,
and certain medications.
Complications: overtime the reflux of stomach acid damages the tissue lining of
the esophagus and can lead to permanent damage of it and even cancer.
PUD, Peptic ulcer disease - Answer: lesions affecting the lining of the stomach or
duodenum.
Vary in severity from superficial erosions to complete penetration through the GI
tract wall Develops because of an imbalance between destructive forces and
protective mechanisms
3|Page
, Pathophysiology Exam 2 Rasmussen University Winter 2021
Manifestations: epigastric or abdominal pain, abdominal cramping, heartburn,
indigestion, nausea, and vomiting
Duodenal ulcers - Answer: • Most commonly associated with excessive acid or H.
pylori infections
• Typically present with epigastric pain that is relieved in the presence of food
Gastric ulcers - Answer: • Less frequent but more deadly.
• Typically associated with malignancy and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
• Pain typically worsens with eating.
Stress ulcers - Answer: • Develop because of a major physiological stressor on the
body due to local tissue ischemia, tissue acidosis, bile salts entering the stomach,
and decreased GI motility.
Curling's ulcers - Answer: stress ulcers associated with burns
Cushing's ulcers - Answer: stress ulcers associated with head injuries
H. pylori - Answer: PUD is most commonly caused by h. Pylori infection or due to
NSAIDS use. If left untreated it can turn into PUD
pseudomembranous colitis C. Diff - Answer: swelling or inflammation of the large
intestine (colon) due to an overgrowth of Clostridioides difficile (C difficile)
4|Page
Pathophysiology Exam 2 Rasmussen
University Winter 2021/ 115 Questions
and Answers/ Causes, Manifestations
and Treatment / Newly Reviewed 2024-
2025.
Gastritis - Answer: an inflammation of the stomachs mucosal lining. It can involve
the entire stomach or a region.
1|Page
, Pathophysiology Exam 2 Rasmussen University Winter 2021
Manifestations: Include indigestion, heartburn, epigastric pain, abdominal
cramping, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, fever, and malaise.
Hematemesis and dark, tarry stools can indicate ulceration and bleeding.
Causes: excessive alcohol use, chronic vomiting, stress, or certain medications
such as aspirin or anti- inflammatory drugs.
Can also be caused by H. pylori- bacteria that lives in lining of stomach, bile reflux,
or infections.
Acute gastritis - Answer: Can be a mild, transient irritation, or it can be a severe
ulceration with hemorrhage
Usually develops suddenly and is likely to be accompanied by nausea and
epigastric pain
Chronic gastritis - Answer: Develops gradually. May be asymptomatic, but usually
accompanied by a dull epigastric pain and a sensation of fullness after minimal
intake.
Can be further categorized as erosive or nonerosive. Complications: peptic ulcers,
gastric cancer, and hemorrhage
2|Page
, Pathophysiology Exam 2 Rasmussen University Winter 2021
gastritis Treatment - Answer: Acute is often self-limiting and resolves within 3
days. Treatment strategies for acute vary depending on the underlying etiology
(e.g., antibiotics).
Treatment strategies for chronic include etiology-specific interventions, antacids,
acid-reducing agents, and mucosal barrier agents.
Gastroenteritis - Answer: Inflammation of the stomach and intestines, usually
because of an infection or allergic reaction
GERD - Answer: gastroesophageal reflux disease- where chyme periodically backs
up from the stomach into the esophagus.
Causes: are certain foods like chocolate, caffeine, carbonated bevs, citrus fruit,
tomatoes, spicy or fatty foods, peppermint, alcohol, nicotine, obesity, pregnancy,
and certain medications.
Complications: overtime the reflux of stomach acid damages the tissue lining of
the esophagus and can lead to permanent damage of it and even cancer.
PUD, Peptic ulcer disease - Answer: lesions affecting the lining of the stomach or
duodenum.
Vary in severity from superficial erosions to complete penetration through the GI
tract wall Develops because of an imbalance between destructive forces and
protective mechanisms
3|Page
, Pathophysiology Exam 2 Rasmussen University Winter 2021
Manifestations: epigastric or abdominal pain, abdominal cramping, heartburn,
indigestion, nausea, and vomiting
Duodenal ulcers - Answer: • Most commonly associated with excessive acid or H.
pylori infections
• Typically present with epigastric pain that is relieved in the presence of food
Gastric ulcers - Answer: • Less frequent but more deadly.
• Typically associated with malignancy and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
• Pain typically worsens with eating.
Stress ulcers - Answer: • Develop because of a major physiological stressor on the
body due to local tissue ischemia, tissue acidosis, bile salts entering the stomach,
and decreased GI motility.
Curling's ulcers - Answer: stress ulcers associated with burns
Cushing's ulcers - Answer: stress ulcers associated with head injuries
H. pylori - Answer: PUD is most commonly caused by h. Pylori infection or due to
NSAIDS use. If left untreated it can turn into PUD
pseudomembranous colitis C. Diff - Answer: swelling or inflammation of the large
intestine (colon) due to an overgrowth of Clostridioides difficile (C difficile)
4|Page
