BIOD 121 MODULE 1 EXAM WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS

BIOD 121 MODULE 1 EXAM WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS NUTRITION What is the difference between food and nutrients? - Food provides energy in terms of calories, while nutrients are substances found in food that provide the materials for building and maintaining our bodies and regulating of key metabolic processes that sustain life. What two motives drive people to eat certain foods? (it isn't nutritional value) - taste and texture Nutrients - substances in food What is nutrition? - Nutrition by definition is the science that links foods to health and disease. When is nutrition important? - from conception to death When considering one's health, five dimensions can be evaluated: physical health, intellectual health, emotional health, social health, and spiritual health. - physical health - body's ability to perform daily functions for survival intellectual health - the cognitive ability to learn and adapt emotional health - the ability to express or suppress emotion social health - ability to interact with others spiritual health - purpose for human existence, cultural practices Why do we get hungry? - 1) hunger 2) appetite hunger - internal drive often experienced as a negative sensation such as churning, growling, or a painful sensation in the stomach appetite - external drive often related to pleasant sensations associated with food and can lead us to eat even if we are not hungry satiety - the feeling of being full hypothalamus - a region of the brain that plays a role in hunger as well the feeling of being full gastrointestinal tract (GI) - the main site in the body used for digestion and absorption of nutrients stomach - plays a major role in satiety and weight regulation (expands as it starts to fill with food adding to the feeling of satiety) hormones - compounds secreted into the bloodstream by one type of cell that acts to control the function of another type of cell. Hormones that increase hunger - ghrelin, endorphins, neuropeptide-Y Hormones that decrease hunger (cause satiety) - leptin, serotonin, cholecystokinin (CCK) Leptin - alerts the brain to turn off the hunger center and activates the satiety center when consuming a meal - produced in adipose cells (fat cells)