Summary sheet for coasts

Feedback looDs mass movement Sand aunes
Temporal change
soft engineering
-


Negative Feedback :
-

vegetation stabilises the -
Beach Nourishment-wide beach-derosion
beach is
eroded , witt behind Sand and encourages
i one -change in one fector leads -
Beach Stabilisation-wide beach-derosion
attacked , sediment gets sand forming embryo dunes
to
changes in others -
Dune
regeneration-absorb wave energy
from clift is eroded Mix of relict and active landforms and prevent
deposited , grows Older ones migrate in land flooding and erosion
-
-




positive feedback : shows the change over time -
Londuse management-wooden walkways
mudflats saltmarshes
-


+
beach to prevent
trampling on dures
forms and slows waves costal management have speed ,
down
,
-


deposited Silt and mud
-


creating marshland-reduce
deposits more sediment Hold the line-maintain current erosion and
flooding
-colonised by
-


,
grows vegetation it defence to let
beach , new equilibrium advance the line-build costal realignment-breach current
-
,
traps more sediment -
new
when
growth stops unconsolidated rocks have land behind flood and become Marshand
rise do nothing dealwith imais
-




little friction between particles Eustatic sea level
sources of energy
so heavy rain = collapse -

change in vol of sea water causes least damage Sustainable management
-

wind-generates powerfu or shope of Ocean basin
Waves stronger waves from Cliffstwave cut platform hard engineering disrupts natural processes
increased temp-meltice + Hard engineering
-

, -


into environment
prevailing winds erosion +
-
soft
engineering integrates
weathering form a thermal expansion = ↑
-



Sea level
-
+high
waves-long fetch hotch on cliff , develop into a decreased temp= more
seawal Shoreline management plans
cave, collapses as unstable
+ prevent expensive

i
and
Wind Speed-higher
-



Precipitation , decrease sea level plan on how to manage each Sediment cell
erosionand backasunder
, ,
-




more powerful waves
repeats and forms a wave-
cut platform
-
tectonic movement the aim to protect important sites without causing
tide : affects position where Isostatic Sea level the wall further iSSues Local authorities in the sediment
Headlands
-




Bays
.



+
the waves break on beach Revetment cell work together to create the SMP
-vertical land movement
alternatinghardt soft rock + absorb the expensive


i
current-move material
-




management
-


-


hard rock sticks out
once soft
,
-
uplift of land as ice ments wave energy-backwash Integrated costal zone

shrinkage of land after
rockis erode consider land , water
erodes under
, people and economy
coasts + prevent cliff
-




es
-




groundwater abstraction erosion the revetment
High energy-large strong wave , stacks
WhTen
chosing
management strategy . Local
,

weak parts
- tectonic processes Gabions regional and national authority in put into the
from long fetch wind
-




, strong
of rock
are eroded plan reviewed if demands change
.




Climate + absorb the -ugly

"
!
to
form caves
change
.
.




higher erosion deposits
form an arch caves join to
than
wave energy
, arch collapses
Low energy-small
temp increase Sea level
=
, gentle wave and forms a + reduce
-




from gentle sloping shores ,
stack as ice melts +expands erosion
Beaches + cheap !
can be low
energy as protected more frequent storms
-




by island offshore
-


shingle = Steep and narrow Riprap
severe costal floods
reefs or -
More
tabsorb the
Stift
"
-
Berms =
ridge a t high tide mark
-
can

Erosion submerge low
lying island wave
energy in
-


-

Runnels =
grooves Parallel to treduce the
-

Abrasion (Corrasion) Shore , formed by backwash
-
change the coastline erosion


cuscircesonsashingontamina watsouris t cheap "
Hydraulic action
-




Attrition
-

marones
-




-
solution (corrosion) incoming + reflected backwash Emergence + trap sediment starve down



"
-




-
wave
quarrying-wave Spits -
raised beaches-sea level + slow drift beacres
falls below high tide mark of sand -
>
energy breaks bits off
-
coast suddenly changes direction + protect from
sion
erosion and
-
caviation-wave retreats the -

longshore drift deposits material -
exposes wave out platform
flooding
,

compressed air expands , puts recurved end-changes to wave clifts get covered by
vegetation
-
-




Pressure on > compound sprit
direction - and weathered over time
rocks-breaks bits off
Breakwaters
-

form mudflats and saltmarshes
Transportation t reduce wave expensive
"damaged
-




behind sprits as they are sheltered energy and
-
solution-saltation Offshore bar+ tombolo erosive power ,
in storms
-
suspension -

traction bars are splits across two
-




Earthbank
-longshore drift headlands , lagoon behind
+ prevent
a
offshore bar-material moves
Submergence -expensive
-




Sub-ariel weathering toward coast , forms off shoe bor
Hooding
eroded
salt dries in
weathering-salt bar connecting shore to island ria-submerg edriver Valley
-
-
-




cracks evaporates they
as water , is called a tombold Tidal barrier
+ raise gate + -VERY

-
expand , pressure , breaks bits off
freeze thaw
wellng and
weathering
Barrier Island
-narrowislands of sand
that
prevent floods
from Storm surge i expensive


drying-day flord- drowned glacial valley
-


in rocks
-


are parallel to
the shore
-




Tidal



ibarraga ent
gets wet
t expands
, breaks off formed after last ice
age + dam generateS expens ive
weathering
-


-Chemical acid rain as sea level rose
and left
-




breaks down calcium Carbonate landfor electricity -
dismpt
the rock Prevents
↑
dissolving sediment to -
dalmatian coast-valleys flooding flows
be deposited are paracles to coast , floods
on
and leaves islands