BIOL 2200 - Exam II Practice Correctly Answered Questions| UpToDate | Already Graded A+

Which of the following statements correctly answers how the large amount of genetic variation observed in prokaryotes arises? A) The mutation rate in prokaryotes is much higher than in eukaryotes. B) They have extremely short generation times and large populations. C) They can exchange DNA with many types of prokaryotes by way of horizontal gene transfer. D) They have a relatively small genome. : B and D The short generation times and large population sizes in most prokaryotic species, coupled with their ability to exchange genes, help to increase genetic variability beyond what we would expect in asexually reproducing organisms. Can you distinguish among the three processes of genetic transfer in bacteria? : Conjugation only: - involves the transfer of DNA from an Hfr cell to an F- cell - requires cell-to-cell contact 2 | P a g e Transduction only: - involves bacteriophage transferring pieces of bacterial DNA from one cell to another Transformation only: - involves DNA from the environment being taken up into a bacterial cell All three: - involves recombination Antibiotic-resistant bacteria are becoming an increasing problem. Some bacteria that were once killed by common antibiotics have acquired the ability to survive in the presence of those antibiotics. How can bacteria acquire antibiotic resistance? : - Bacteria can acquire random mutations that allow them to grow in the presence of antibiotics. - Bacteria can gain an antibiotic-resistance gene by conjugating with another species of bacteria. - Bacteria can pick up an antibiotic-resistance gene from the environment through transformation. - Bacteria can acquire antibiotic-resistance genes by becoming infected with a virus that contains an antibiotic-resistance gene. Which of the following is true of generalized bacteriophage transduction? 3 | P a g e A) The bacteriophage must enter the lysogenic cycle. B) The bacteriophage chromosome has a region homologous to the bacterial chromosome. C) The bacteriophage packages fragments of bacterial DNA into new phage particles. : C