MMBio 221 Final Exam Study Questions and Answers Graded A 2024

MMBio 221 Final Exam Study Questions and Answers Graded A 2024 Virulence: mycolic acid in cell wall causes slow growth, protection from lysis once bacteria are phagocytized, capacity for intracellular growth, resistance to Gram- staining, detergents, many antimicrobial drugs, and dessication - Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Unique properties: grows very slowly, can live within macrophages, tuberculin skin test--positive when red swelling appears, BCG vaccine is used in countries w/ lots of TB cases, effective on 80% of children and 20-50% of adults, cord factor that cause disease - Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Diseases: primary TB: initial infection, secondary TB: reactivation of TB after lying dormant for a period of time, disseminated TB: results when infection spreads throughout the body - Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Virulence: same as tuberculosis (mycobacterium) - Leprae unique properties: cannot be cultivated in cell free medium- cultured in footpads of mice and bellies of 9-banded armadillos; transmission via person to person contact or through break in skin; some protection provided by BCG vaccine; treated with dapsone and rifampin as well as clofazimine - Leprae DISEASES- 1. Tuberculoid Leprosy: high cell mediated response and low antibody, nonprogressive disease characterized by loss of sensation in skin regions, shallow skin lesions and only occasional mutilation of body. 2. Lepromatous Leprosy: low cell-mediated response and high antibody, produces gradual tissue destruction resulting in loss of facial features, digits, and other body parts, numerous deep skin lesions and nodules appear, common to have mutilated extremities - Leprae VIRULENCE- has mycolic acid since it's a mycobacterium (see tuberculosis), produces mycolactone: polyketide toxin that destroys subcutaneous tissue (top skin later dies and sloughs off), powerful immune suppressing agent - Ulcerans