NURS 115 Test 2 - Liberty University Study Guide.

NURS 115 Test 2 - Liberty University Study Guide. What are the five cardinal signs of inflammation? - CORRECT ANSWER Calor, Rubor, Tumor, Dolor, and Functio Laeso (Heat, Redness, Swelling, Pain, and Loss of Function) What are the two components of the acute phase of inflammation? - CORRECT ANSWER Vascular -immediate contradiction followed by vasodilation - also release of chemical mediators Cellular - movement of phagocytic WBC into the injured area What is the first stage of Leukocyte response? - CORRECT ANSWER Margination - White blood cells move to edges and start pavementing What is the second stage of Leukocyte response? - CORRECT ANSWER Emigration - White blood cells move into tissue and out of blood vessel What is the third stage of Leukocyte response? - CORRECT ANSWER Chemotasis - chemical messengers, released by damaged cells at the wound call WBC's chemically to the site of the wound What is the fourth stage of Leukocyte response? - CORRECT ANSWER Phagocytosis - WBC engulf infectious agents and together with RBC's and tissue debris form exudate What are the stages of phagocytosis - CORRECT ANSWER Opsonization and adherence Engulfment Intracellular killing What signs might someone show if they have an infection - CORRECT ANSWER Increased WBC count Increased ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate Systemic issues - fever, nausea, global pain Fever Increase in C reactive proteins released form the liver Lethargy Why does your body use fever as a mechanism of defense? - CORRECT ANSWER Increasing temperature alters the optimum temperature for bacteria and slows infection Histamine is a potent ______ - CORRECT ANSWER Vasodilator What type of inflammatory mediators does you body have? - CORRECT ANSWER Histamine Plasma proteases - kinins, compliment Prostaglandins - associated with inflammatory process Leukotrienes Platelet activating factor What types of exudates are there? - CORRECT ANSWER Serous exudates - clear Serosanguinis exudates - clearish red Hemorrhagic exudates - Red Membranous or pseudomembrane exudates Purulent or supportive exudates - contians pus Fibrinous exudates - scab What do serous exudates contain? - CORRECT ANSWER Watery fluids low in protein count Result from plasma entering inflammatory site Why would you have hemorrhagic exudates? - CORRECT ANSWER Hemorrhagic exudates occur when there is severe tissue injury that causes damage to blood vessels or when there is significant leakage of red blood cells from the capillaries Where would you have membranous exudates and what is in them? - CORRECT ANSWER Develop on mucous membrane surfaces Coat lining of gut Are composed of necrotic cells enmeshed in a fibropurulent exudate What do purulent exudates contain? - CORRECT ANSWER Contains pus - composed of degraded white blood cells, proteins, and tissue debris What do fibrinous exudates contain? - CORRECT ANSWER Contain large amounts of fibrinogen and form a thick and sticky meshwork Stages of wound healing - CORRECT ANSWER Inflammatory stage - initial Proliferative stage - cells begin to fill hole Maturation or Remodeling stage What type of wound is is a first intention wound? - CORRECT ANSWER Wound has been intentionally brought together What is secondary intention wound healing? - CORRECT ANSWER Wound opens up (dehiscence) - healing has already begun and we can't sew it back up again Heals from bottom to top Can also refer to wounds that we are unable to sew back up What is tertiary intention wound healing? - CORRECT ANSWER Too heavily contaminated to be closed by primary closure, but after 4-5 days inflammation eliminates the bacteria, allowing it to be closed by primary closure What factors regulate the healing process? - CORRECT ANSWER Nutrition Action of chemical mediators and growth factors Interaction between the extracellular and cell matrix