bio 140 final exam fully solved and updated

Which of the following are energy yielding nutrients? - answer-Glucose, fatty acids, and cholestrerol In general, chemical reactions that produce ATP are considered to be __. - answer-Metabolic What is the ultimate goal of energy metabolism in the body? - answer-To assure adequate ATP for cells The general term "metabolism" refers to: - answer-All the chemical reactions that take place in the body Chemicals, heavy metals, pesticides, and food additives can all cause __ food borne illnesses in susceptible individuals. - answer-Noninfectious Sally thinks she has a foodborne illness from something she ate just hours ago. If this is correct, then the illness is probably due to which of the following? - answer-Preformed toxin Giardia intestinalis is somewhat common __ found in __. - answer-Protozoan _____ is rare but fatal disease caused by genetic mutation or exposure to prions during surgery in humans. - answer-Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease "Hot-cold inversion" is a __ sometimes resulting from consumption of __. - answer-Sign, Undercooked beef What is the food safety "danger zone?" - answer-40-140 Why should you try to keep raw meat separated from raw fruits in your grocery? - answer-To decrease risk of cross contamination If you see this symbol on a food, what does it mean? - answer-It has been irradiated Which of the following should you wash prior to cooking or eating? - answer-fruits and veggies James, an 18 year old college student, just ate a very large super. Which of the following is true? - answer-Anabolic and catabolic pathways are equally active Which of the following characterizes people who are in "positive energy balance?" - answer-Energy in energy out Positive energy balance should occur during __. - answer-Infancy and childhood and pregnancy __. Growth refers to an increase in a cells size. - answer-hypertrophic The thermic effect of food is best described by which of the following? - answer-The energy needed to digest, absorb, and use nutrients During the post-absorptive state, which hormone predominates? - answer-Insulin Which of the following provides the body's major source of energy in the absorptive state? - answer-Glucose If don't like the grade you earned in this class, you should immediately contact Dr. Ankrah and demand he offers you extra credit. - answer-false Which of the following is a trace mineral? - answer-Selenium Which of the following statements is true about iodine? - answer-It is essential to the production of hormones by the thyroid Which of the following statements is true about fluoride? - answer-Excess fluoride is excreted in the urine Obesity rates have skyrocketed in the last few decades. This is mainly due to changes in __ factors. - answer-Lifestyle Goiter is caused by __ deficiency. - answer-Iodine __ is a protein complex that stores iron and releases it only when it is needed. - answer-Ferritin Water plays an important role in: - answer-regulating body temp Which of the following is a true statement related to healthy food choices that lead to weight loss? - answer-Healthy eating requires a person to pay attention to hunger and satiety cues. One of the roles of iron in the human body is to: - answer-transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood The process of fermentation minimizes the growth of pathogenic organisms by: - answer-Promoting the growth of nonpathogenic organisms Which of the following is an example of norovirus infection? - answer-Andre suffers from nausea, vomiting, and abdominal cramping two days after ingestion of contaminated food Which of the following is a guideline to the FightBAC! Campaign? - answer-Periodically sanitize counters with a solution of liquid chloride bleach Which of the following statements is true about iodine? - answer-It is essential to the production of hormones by the thyroid gland When deciding on a supplement , one should: - answer-Consult a reliable scientific source such as the office of dietary supplements Which of the following body max index (BMI) values be classified as overweight? - answer-26 kg/m2 In adults approximately __ of total body weight is composed of water. - answer-50 to 70 percent Susan, a 16 year old girl, consume steak from a fast food center. Lately she experiences abdominal discomfort, vomiting, and diarrhea. In this scenario, Susan most likely contracted infection from an __. - answer-Preformed toxin An individual with a BMI of 30 or higher is considered to be __. - answer-Obese Which of the following best describes exercise? - answer-It is a planned, structured, and repetitive body movement done to improve or maintain physical fitness. Which of the following is true of hunger? - answer-Neurotransmitters from the hypothalamus promote hunger A person can reduce weight by: - answer-Being physically active throughout the day The primary contributor to an individual's total energy expenditure is: - answer-Basal metabolism Adam is a 22-year-old male. He weighs about 180 lb and is 71 in tall. Adam's BMI is __. - answer-25 kg/m2 Individuals who want to decrease their own BPA should: - answer-refrain from heating plastics in microwave. In the United States, table salt is fortified with: - answer-Iodine Which of the following is not a good source of calcium? - answer-Butter Linda is conducting a research study on osteoporosis, and she wants her study to create awareness among those most affected by the disease. In this scenario, her target group would most likely be: - answer-People who are old __. Is a condition characterized by an insufficient amount of water in the body. - answer-Dehydration The most variable component of an individual's total energy expenditure is: - answer-Thermic effect of food The primary source of sodium in a typical American diet is: - answer-Processed foods Cretinism is caused by a deficiency of __ during pregnancy. - answer-iodine In the US, the most common cause of anemia is the deficiency of what? - answer-iron Shellfish poisoning occurs because: - answer-Certain marine animals consume algae that produce toxic compounds Steve, a 32-year-old man suffers from liver damage. Clinical examination reveals that it was caused by a toxin produced by a certain type of mold. Steve always consumes home-cooked food, and it has been over eight years since he ate from a restaurant. Steve's staple diet includes rice and vegetables from his farm. In this scenario, Steve is infected by __. - answer-Aspergillus Recently, there was a recall of potato harsh browns by a reputable food manufacturing company due to pieces of golf ball found in the product. This is a/an...contamination. - answer-Noninfectious Glycogen synthesis is an example of an anabolic pathway. - answer-true The body begins to use substantial amounts of amino acid for energy during absorptive state. - answer-false The "pear-shaped" women below is said to have the following? - answer-Excess adiposity The deficiency of thiamin causes a condition known as _____. - answer-beriberi The release of__________is stimulated by low blood calcium, which in turn stimulates the conversion of 25-(OH) D3 to calcitriol in the kidneys. - answer-Parathyroid Hormone Which of the following statements is true of fluoride? - answer-excess fluoride is excreted in the urine Which of the following methods of measuring body composition displays a two dimensional image of the body on a computer screen? - answer-Dual energy x ray absorptiometry hich of the following statements is true of magnesium? - answer-The Tolerable Upper Intake Level for magnesium is 350 mg/day for adults. Which of the following is true of subcutaneous adipose tissue (SCAT)? - answer-It is found directly beneath the skin. Which of the following is a similarity between chromium and manganese? - answer-Both are absorbed very little by the body regardless of their intake. __________is a trace mineral that may be critical to proper insulin function - answer-Chromium The project the GenomeTrakr is established to: - answer-produce detailed information about the genetics of the most common foodborne pathogens. A key recommendation in the 2015 Dietary Guidelines for Americans is for people to develop eating patterns that emphasize a variety of__________within all food groups, but at an appropriate level of calories. - answer-utrient-dense foods The maximum refrigerator storage time prior to cooking poultry is _____. - answer-one or two days Which of the following statements is true of fluorosis? - answer-It is a special concern in small children. Severe folate deficiency causes a condition called _____. - answer-megaloblastic, macrocytic anemia which of the following can be classified as a physical activity? - answer-Walking up the stairs The Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges (AMDRs) suggest that one consume__________of energy from proteins. - answer-10-35 percent The safe minimum internal temperature for fish and shellfish is__________. - answer-145°F Osteoblasts are bone cells that: - answer-help maintain stable bone mass Cheilosis, a symptom of ariboflavinosis, is characterized by: - answer-sores on the outside and corners of the lips. Very high intakes of pantothenic acid can cause _____. - answer-nausea and diarrhea The majority of magnesium in the body is found in: - answer-bones Which of the following statements is true of the recommended intake of manganese? - answer-A Tolerable Upper Intake Level of 11 mg/day has been established for manganese. In the context of vision, one of the differences between rod cells and cone cells is that unlike the rod cells, the cone cells: - answer-enable you to see color. Age can influence basal metabolic rate (BMR), and after the age of 30, BMR tends to decrease by about _____ each decade. - answer-2-5 percent Which of the following are dietary sources of potassium? - answer-Dairy products _____ is a transport protein that binds to copper and transports it in the blood. - answer-Ceruloplasmin Which of the following is a similarity between the vitamins biotin and menaquinone? - answer-Both are produced by bacteria in the large intestine. In the context of James Lind's experiment, which of the following foods can prevent and cure scurvy? - answer-Lemon Which of the following is true of neurotransmitters? - answer-They play an important role in the long-term regulation of body weight. Which of the following foods are good sources of carotenoids? - answer-Carrots and peppers _____ is a hormone secreted by the small intestine that provides powerful satiety cues. - answer-Cholecystokinin _____ is an essential trace mineral that is a cofactor for several important metalloenzymes needed for protein metabolism. - answer-Molybdenum Dichloro-diphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) was banned in the United States in 1972 because: - answer-it was found to damage wildlife. Food and Drug Administration recommends that homemade apple cider be heated for: - answer-30 minutes at 155°F. _____ is a hormone produced by the adrenal glands in response to low blood pressure. - answer-Aldosterone _____ is a temporary expenditure of energy that enables the body to adjust to changes in the environment and physiological conditions. - answer-Adaptive thermogenesis Which of the following is an accurate statement aboutClostridium botulinum (C. botulinum)? - answer-It is found mainly in inadequately processed low-acid home-canned foods. _____ is a physiological response whereby a person feels that enough food has been consumed. - answer-Satiety Which of the following statements is true of the regulation of iodine in the body? - answer-Iodine not needed by the body is excreted in the urine. Which of the following statements is true of chromium toxicity? - answer-It affects people who are exposed to high levels of industrially released chromium. Brad, a 31-year-old man, suffers from bloody diarrhea and fever. He is diagnosed with a serious condition of food poisoning caused by a pathogen that has severely infected his intestine. In this case, which of the following types of pathogens has caused the infection? - answer-An enterohemorrhagic pathogen Which of the following is true of the symptoms of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) contamination? - answer-Symptoms typically occur within 1 to 6 hours of the contaminated food's consumption. Which of the following is true of hyperplastic growth? - answer-It leads to an increase in the number of adipocytes. Which of the following is true of basal metabolic rate (BMR)? - answer-People with more muscle have higher BMRs than people with more body fat. _____ is a method of estimating body composition that requires a person to exhale air from the lungs and be submerged in water. - answer-Hydrostatic weighing Unlike Clostridium botulinum, anorovirus: - answer-produces enteric toxin Which of the following is true of pantothenic acid? - answer-It is destroyed at high temperatures. Which of the following is caused by chromium deficiency? - answer-Elevated blood glucose levels Sonia, a seven-year-old girl, suffers from vomiting diarrhea, blurred vision, slurred speech, and dry mouth. She had consumed canned beans the previous day. She is infected by a bacterium contaminating inadequately processed low-acid, commercial canned food. In this scenario, Sonia most likely suffers from _____. - answer-botulism Identify a true statement about irradiation. - answer-It does not make foods radioactive. Since the enactment of _____, additional regulations have been approved to help ensure that foods grown and produced in the United States and abroad cannot be tampered with. - answer-Bioterrorism Act Which of the following is true of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA)? - answer-MRSA infection cannot be treated effectively by antibiotics. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) requires food manufacturers to label all foods that contain at least 10 parts per million (ppm) sulfites because: - answer-it causes breathing difficulties in some people when consumed. The process by which blood clots form is known as__________. - answer-coagulation Subcutaneous adipose tissue (SCAT) constitutes approximately _____ of fat in the body and is located directly under the skin. - answer-85 percent Unlike nonheme iron, heme iron is: - answer-part of hemoglobin and myoglobin Which of the following statements is true of condensation reactions? - answer-They join molecules together through the formation of a chemical bond. Which of the following best defines exercise? - answer-It is a planned, structured, and repetitive body movement done to improve or maintain physical fitness. Regina, a 43-year-old woman, consumes a handful of raw peanuts without noticing that some of the peanuts had a mold growing on them. A week later, she starts vomiting and suffers from abdominal discomfort. Clinical diagnosis reveals that her liver is showing signs of damage.In this scenario, Regina is most likely infected by _____. - answer-aflatoxin Which of the following is true of negative energy balance? - answer-It occurs during periods of increased energy expenditure. Gastric distention occurs when: - answer-food accumulates in the stomach, causing the stomach walls to stretch. Which of the following is a difference between neutral energy balance and positive energy balance? - answer-Body weight is relatively stable during neutral energy balance, whereas body weight increases during positive energy balance. _____ is a protein complex that stores iron and releases it only when it is needed. - answer-Ferritin Which of the following is true of use-by dates? - answer-They are suggested dates until which quality and flavor of the food is best. Scurvy is characterized by: - answer-bleeding gums, skin irritations, bruising, and poor wound healing. The decline in the secretion of growth hormone after age 30, at a rate of about 1 percent per year, can over time contribute to: - answer-decreased muscle size and strength. E. coliO157:H7 is an__________. - answer-enterohemorrhagic pathogen __________is a date placed on a product's label to assist a grocer in knowing when the food should be removed from the display. - answer-Sell-by date A person can safely reduce weight by: - answer-Being physically active throughout the day