Human Rights 2024 Exam Answered

Human Rights 2024 Exam Answered What are Human Rights? - ANSWER- The underlying idea is that all human beings, simply because they are human beings, are entitled to be treated according to certain minimum standards Human Rights regime - ANSWER- the way people have come to do things with human rights; individuals scholars who talk about human right; states because they sign the treaties, certain rules that dictate the treaties, just a way of doing things that has developed evolved since early 50s many rights people did not think about then, more on whats happening even when theres no war now, constantly developing and evolving Is there a definition in UDHR? - ANSWER- Not really...recognition of the internet dignity and of the equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family is the foundation of freedom, justice, and peace in the world (tells us there equal to all human beings and are based on inherent dignity) goes on to say that no distinction can be made by race, sex, language etc. so basically defining what we mean as equality Other Definition - ANSWER- Rights that belong to an individual or group of individuals as a consequence of being human. They refer to a wide continuum of values or capabilities thought to enhance human agency and declared to be universal in character, in some sense equally claimed for all human beings Donnelly's Definition - ANSWER- Human rights are literally the rights one has because one is human "To have a right to x is to be entitled to x" Have the right to demand things when you're entitled to them Objective enjoyment would be the norm in a good society (rights apparently never enter the situation) you only need to state your rights when they are violated In a perfect world they would never come into discussion (we say theres a right not to be tortured, but people tortured everyday, since they are at times violated they must be codified) They are social practices to realize the abstract values of freedom, equality, liberty Where do we get human rights from? - ANSWER- Donnelly says man's moral nature. (weak argument because plenty of evidence that when people have the opportunity they treat one another poorly) *"Human rights are needed not for life, but for a life of dignity" "Human rights are at once a utopian ideal and a realistic practice for implementing that ideal. They say, in effect, 'Treat a person like a human being and you'll get a human being.' But they also say 'Here's how you treat someone like a human being,' and proceed to enumerate a list of human rights" (p. 16). Donnelly where do they come from? - ANSWER- *not rooted in human nature *many societies have denied them on carefully justified grounds * "Human rights ultimately rest on a social decision to act as though such 'things' existed - and then, through social action directed by these rights to make real the world that they envision" *overlapping consensus: international consensus to defend human rights *they seek to fuse moral vision with political practice How did modern concept of human rights arise? - ANSWER- *The concept that all people are entitled to dignified treatment simply because of their humanity arose in a specific historical and geographic context: Western Europe and North America in the 19th and 20th centuries. Two main historical sources: 1) Judeo-Christian religious moral teachings 2) Enlightenment era liberal philosophical principles and related political documents * Elements of human rights concepts can be found in other cultures and religions in other times and places, but origins of what we think of as human rights today lie in these two main sources Moral Roots from Religion? What is religion? - ANSWER- Morals, having a set of beliefs, having some kind of religious practice (worship), getting people to act a certain, thoughts about life after death before birth etc. Human Dignity - ANSWER- Concept that all people are due basic treatment is widespread, but human rights asserts something more specific...all people without distinction deserve dignified treatment according to specific codified standards Where did that idea come from? Judeo-Chrstain tradition for source of... - ANSWER- what constitutes dignified treatment and idea of universality Ten Commandments - ANSWER- Sets limits on behavior Regulates society through articulation of specific moral standards Supremacy of God; people need to acknowledge a higher power always remember you were once slaves, should have empathy there's a higher law that dictates behavior/ same with human rights; higher principles every country needs to follow above national law next tells how to show human dignity do not steal, covet, etc. Essence of the Law - ANSWER- 10.12 So now, O Israel, what does the Lord your God require of you? Only to fear the Lord your God, to walk in all his ways, to love him, to serve the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul, 13and to keep the commandments of the Lord your God and his decrees that I am commanding you today, for your own well-being. Again emphasized subservience to higher law and adherence to moral code for their own well being