Anthropology 101 Midterm Exam Questions and Answers All Correct (1)

Anthropology 101 Midterm Exam Questions and Answers All Correct (1) What does it mean to take a "holistic perspective?" - Answer-To seek interconnections and relatedness between various parts of human cultures and biology A "culture bond" theory is - Answer-a theory based on assumptions common to a particular culture rather than deriving from comparisons of many different cultures Cross-cultural research that allows anthropologists to explain why differences or similarities occur between groups is known as - Answer-ethnology Cultural anthropology is the study of patterns of human behavior. These standards - Answer-focus on humans as culture producing and re-producing creatures In-depth descriptive studies of specific cultures are called - Answer-ethnographies What is the primary purpose of practicing applied anthropology? - Answer-It allows the use of anthropological knowledge to solve practical problems The Garage Project in Tuscon demonstrated that what people say and what they do can differ dramatically. For instance, investigators found that - Answer-the amount of beer consumed, according to empty cans in the trash, was far higher than people claimed. As part of your job, you may study the frequency of blood types in human populations, or watch behavior of monkeys and apes, or dig for early hominid bones in East Africa. You are a/an: - Answer-physical anthropologist A position that is a closely examined and critically checked explanation of observed reality is a(n) - Answer-theory What is "transplant tourism?" - Answer-travel connected with the buying and selling of human organs How do scientific accounts and creation stories differ from each other? - Answer- Scientific accounts focus on testable ideas, and creation stories do not The smallest working units in biological classificatory systems that are reproductively isolated populations or groups of populations capable of interbreeding to produce fertile offspring are called - Answer-species Which scientist proposed that an organisms behavior could bring about changes in its anatomy? This was called inheritance acquired characteristics. - Answer-Jean-Baptiste Lamarck Gregor Mendel's law of independent assortment argues that - Answer-different genetic traits are inherited as separate qualities (they are not dependent on each other) The three base sequence of a gene that specifies production of an amino acid is the - Answer-codon If you have a chromosome pair on which the alleles for a single gene are identical (for example, if you have the genotype AA for blood type in the ABO system), this pair is described as - Answer-homozygous Which of the following has figured most prominently in human evolutionary studies? - Answer-Mitochondrial DNA Physical traits such as height, skin color, or liability to disease are controlled by multiple genes. This is called - Answer-polygenetic inheritance What technique do anthropologists use to analyze genetic differences between humans and apes - Answer-DNA sequencing The ultimate source of evolutionary change is - Answer-mutation Which of the following do primatologists believe to be the greatest threat of habituated great apes? - Answer-Disease The mammalian diversity with which we are familiar today is a product of - Answer- adaptive radiation In order to maintain a constant body temperature, mammals most need - Answer-a diet high in calories Under what kinds of conditions would you expect to find in convergent evolution - Answer-similar environmental pressures on various species The human dental formula is 2-1-2-3. These numbers, in order, refer to the following tooth pattern - Answer-incisors/canine/premolars/ molars Among many species, males possess larger canine teeth than females. This is an example of - Answer-sexual dimorphism Primates have a fovea centralis, leading to which of the following consequences? - Answer-They can focus clearly on a particular object The area of the brain that has enlarged dramatically in primates is the - Answer-cerebral cortex Below the primate skull and the neck is , a bone found in ancestral mammals though lost in mammals such as cats. - Answer-clavicle The gorilla and chimpanzee both practice a distinctive for of locomotion called - Answer- knuckle walking A female chimpanzee does not reach sexual maturity until about the age of 10 and once she produces her first live offspring, there is a period of on average years before she will bear another. - Answer-5-6 In the chimpanzee community studied by , female, not male dominance was noted. - Answer-Jane Goodall The position of a chimpanzee in a dominance hierarchy is affected by - Answer-all of these choices Bonobos use of to mark trails may be considered a form of tool use - Answer-large leaves In primates, as among many carnivores, increased seems to go hand in hand with predation and meat eating. - Answer-cooperation One form of communication appears to be unique to bonobos is/are: - Answer-trail markers have been observed patrolling their territories to ward off potential trespassers - Answer-Gorillas, Chimpanzees The durable aspects of culture such as tools, structures, and art are known as: - Answer-material culture The finding and cataloguing of ancient artifacts is often thought of by lay people to be the chief goal of archaeology. While this was true in the century, the situation changed in the century. - Answer-19th, 20th Those physical anthropologists engaged in the recovery and study of fossil evidence for human evolution are known as: - Answer-paleoanthropologists The first task for the archaeologist is: - Answer-finding sites to investigate In the original study "Whispers from the Ice," the remains of historic and prehistoric houses were uncovered that were part of an old village that predated the modern community of near the site. - Answer-Barrow The use of tree rings to assign chronometric dates is called: - Answer-dendrochronolgy The radiocarbon method can be used to date organic materials up to years old - Answer-50,000 Which of the following was found to be significant in the skulls from peoples of the Tiwanaku empire? - Answer-Tightly bound skulls of children Stratigraphy is based on the assumption that layers are deposited in order; thus, an artifact or fossil in a lower stratum is one found in a high stratum. - Answer- older than You are investigation archaeological site in which there are several clearly distinguishable layers of earth laid down. You find a piece of finely glazed china in the fifth (lowest) layer and a piece of unglazed pottery in the first (highest) layer. You assume that the unglazed pottery was made more recently than the finely glazed pottery. In making such an assumption you are using the method of - Answer- stratigraphy