Study Guide for
Understanding
Pathophysiology
Study Guide for Understanding Pathophysiology, (2012) 978-0-323-
08489-5
Sue E. Huether,Kathryn L. McCance
, SECTION ONE UNITE TITLE OR SECTION TITLE
Cellular Biology
FOUNDATIONAL OBJECTIVES 10. Identify the phases of mitosis and cytokinesis.
After reviewing this chapter, the learner will be able to do the Review pages 22-23; refer to Figure 1-26.
following:
11. Describe the stimulation of cell proliferation by growth
1. State the functions of a typical eukaryotic cell. factors.
Review pages 2-3. Review pages 23-24; refer to Figure 1-27 and Table 1-5.
2. Describe the structure and function of the nucleus and 12. Characterize pattern formation.
identify the cytoplasmic organelles. Review page 24.
Review page 3; refer to Figures 1-1 and 1-2 and Table 1-1.
13. Identify the location and a major function for each type of
3. Describe the structure and function of the plasma tissue: epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous.
membrane. Refer to Boxes 1-3 through 1-5.
Review pages 3 and 5-7; refer to Figures 1-3 through 1-5 and
Tables 1-2 and 1-3. PRACTICE EXAMINATION
4. Describe cellular receptors. Multiple Choice
Review pages 7-8; refer to Figure 1-6. Circle the correct answer for each question:
5. Identify the three mechanisms that bind cells together. 1. Which are principal parts of a eukaryotic cell?
a. fat, carbohydrate, and protein
Review pages 8-9; refer to Figures 1-7 and 1-8. b. minerals and water
c. organelles
6. Describe the primary modes of chemical signaling. d. phospholipids and protein
Review pages 9, 11, and 13 refer to Figures 1-9 e. protoplasm and nucleus
through 1-12 and Table 1-3.
2. The cell membrane is described as a fluid mosaic. Some
7. Describe cellular catabolism and the transfer of energy to proteins have a degree of mobility within the lipid bilayer.
accomplish other cellular processes. (More than one answer may be correct.)
a. The first sentence is true.
Refer to Figures 1-13 through 1-15. b. The first sentence is false.
c. The second sentence is true.
8. Differentiate between passive and active transport, d. The second sentence is false.
between endocytosis and exocytosis, and between e. The second sentence is relevant to the first.
phagocytosis and pinocytosis.
f. The second sentence is irrelevant to the first.
Refer to Figures 1-16 through 1-24 and Table 1-4.
9. Describe the changes in the plasma membrane that
result in an action potential.
Review pages 21-22; refer to Figure 1-25.
1
Copyright © 2012, 2008, 2004, 2000, 1996 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 1 Cellular Biology
, 3. Which particle can penetrate cell membranes most 11. Which are characteristic of epithelial tissue? (More than
easily? one answer may be correct.)
a. lipid soluble, transport protein present a. elasticity
b. neutral charge, water soluble b. protection
c. smaller, water soluble c. fills spaces between organs
d. uncharged, larger d. secretion
4. For a cell to engage in active transport processes, it 12. Signaling molecules cause all of the following
requires: except:
a. mitochondria. a. acceleration/initiative of intracellular protein
b. appropriate fuel. kinases.
c. ATP. b. arrest of cellular growth.
d. enzymes. c. apoptosis.
e. All of the above are correct. d. conversion of an intracellular signal into an
extracellular response.
5. Which is inconsistent with the others?
a. diffusion 13. Ligands that bind with membrane receptors include which
b. osmosis of the following? (More than one answer may be correct.)
c. filtration a. hormones
d. phagocytosis b. antigens
e. facilitated diffusion c. neurotransmitters
d. drugs
6. Which can transport substances uphill against the e. infectious agents
concentration gradient?
a. active transport 14. The products from the metabolism of glucose include
b. osmosis which of the following? (More than one answer may be
c. dialysis correct.)
d. facilitated diffusion a. kilocalories
e. None of the above is correct. b. CO2
c. H2O
7. Caveolae: d. ATP
a. serve as repositories for some receptors.
b. provide a route for transport into a cell. 15. Identify the correct sequence of events for initiation and
c. relay signals into cells. conduction of a nerve impulse.
d. All of the above are correct. 1. Sodium moves inside.
2. Potassium leaves cell.
3. Sodium permeability changes.
8. Which statement is true for cytoplasm?
4. Resting potential is reestablished.
a. It is located outside the nucleus.
5. Potassium permeability changes.
b. It provides support for organelles.
c. It is mostly water. a. 1, 3, 2, 5, 4
d. a, b, and c b. 3, 1, 5, 2, 4
c. 5, 2, 3, 1, 4
e. a and b
d. 4, 5, 2, 3, 1
9. The retinoblastoma (Rb) protein:
16. Increased cytoplasmic calcium:
a. is a brake on the progress of the cell cycle.
b. binds to gene regulatory proteins. a. causes one cell to adhere to another.
c. slows cell proliferation. b. increases permeability at the junctional complex.
c. decreases permeability at the junctional complex.
d. a and c
d. None of the above is correct.
e. a, b, and c
10. A major function of connective tissue is: 17. Cell junctions:
a. to form glands. a. coordinate activities of cells within tissues.
b. support and binding. b. are an impermeable part of the plasma
membrane.
c. covering and lining. c. hold cells together.
d. movement.
d. Both a and c are correct.
e. to conduct nerve impulses.
e. Both b and c are correct.
2
Chapter 1 Cellular Biology Copyright © 2012, 2008, 2004, 2000, 1996 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
, Matching
Match the term with its descriptor:
18. Anaphase a. 75% to 90% H2O, lipids, and protein
b. within the nucleus, stored RNA
19. Chromatin
c. compartmentalizes cellular activity
20. Metaphase d. single strand of DNA, nondividing cell
e. “generation plant” for ATP
21. Mitochondria
f. centriole migration
22. Prophase g. chromatid pair alignment
h. chromatid migration
23. Ribosome
i. daughter nuclei
j. protein synthesis site
Match the location with the tissue type found:
24. Lining of the kidney tubules a. simple squamous
b. simple cuboidal
25. Lining of the upper respiratory tract
c. simple columnar, ciliated
d. stratified squamous
e. transitional
Fill in the Blank
Complete the following table identifying membrane transport of cellular intake or output:
Membrane Transport
Transport Mechanism Description
Diffusion
Filtration
Osmosis
Mediated transport Two molecules move simultaneously in one direction (symport) or in
opposite direction (antiport) or a single molecule moves in one
direction (uniport)
Passive mediated transport/facilitated diffusion Does not require the expenditure of metabolic energy (ATP)
Active mediated transport Requires the expenditure of metabolic energy (ATP)
Endocytosis
Pinocytosis
Phagocytosis
3
Copyright © 2012, 2008, 2004, 2000, 1996 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 1 Cellular Biology
Understanding
Pathophysiology
Study Guide for Understanding Pathophysiology, (2012) 978-0-323-
08489-5
Sue E. Huether,Kathryn L. McCance
, SECTION ONE UNITE TITLE OR SECTION TITLE
Cellular Biology
FOUNDATIONAL OBJECTIVES 10. Identify the phases of mitosis and cytokinesis.
After reviewing this chapter, the learner will be able to do the Review pages 22-23; refer to Figure 1-26.
following:
11. Describe the stimulation of cell proliferation by growth
1. State the functions of a typical eukaryotic cell. factors.
Review pages 2-3. Review pages 23-24; refer to Figure 1-27 and Table 1-5.
2. Describe the structure and function of the nucleus and 12. Characterize pattern formation.
identify the cytoplasmic organelles. Review page 24.
Review page 3; refer to Figures 1-1 and 1-2 and Table 1-1.
13. Identify the location and a major function for each type of
3. Describe the structure and function of the plasma tissue: epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous.
membrane. Refer to Boxes 1-3 through 1-5.
Review pages 3 and 5-7; refer to Figures 1-3 through 1-5 and
Tables 1-2 and 1-3. PRACTICE EXAMINATION
4. Describe cellular receptors. Multiple Choice
Review pages 7-8; refer to Figure 1-6. Circle the correct answer for each question:
5. Identify the three mechanisms that bind cells together. 1. Which are principal parts of a eukaryotic cell?
a. fat, carbohydrate, and protein
Review pages 8-9; refer to Figures 1-7 and 1-8. b. minerals and water
c. organelles
6. Describe the primary modes of chemical signaling. d. phospholipids and protein
Review pages 9, 11, and 13 refer to Figures 1-9 e. protoplasm and nucleus
through 1-12 and Table 1-3.
2. The cell membrane is described as a fluid mosaic. Some
7. Describe cellular catabolism and the transfer of energy to proteins have a degree of mobility within the lipid bilayer.
accomplish other cellular processes. (More than one answer may be correct.)
a. The first sentence is true.
Refer to Figures 1-13 through 1-15. b. The first sentence is false.
c. The second sentence is true.
8. Differentiate between passive and active transport, d. The second sentence is false.
between endocytosis and exocytosis, and between e. The second sentence is relevant to the first.
phagocytosis and pinocytosis.
f. The second sentence is irrelevant to the first.
Refer to Figures 1-16 through 1-24 and Table 1-4.
9. Describe the changes in the plasma membrane that
result in an action potential.
Review pages 21-22; refer to Figure 1-25.
1
Copyright © 2012, 2008, 2004, 2000, 1996 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 1 Cellular Biology
, 3. Which particle can penetrate cell membranes most 11. Which are characteristic of epithelial tissue? (More than
easily? one answer may be correct.)
a. lipid soluble, transport protein present a. elasticity
b. neutral charge, water soluble b. protection
c. smaller, water soluble c. fills spaces between organs
d. uncharged, larger d. secretion
4. For a cell to engage in active transport processes, it 12. Signaling molecules cause all of the following
requires: except:
a. mitochondria. a. acceleration/initiative of intracellular protein
b. appropriate fuel. kinases.
c. ATP. b. arrest of cellular growth.
d. enzymes. c. apoptosis.
e. All of the above are correct. d. conversion of an intracellular signal into an
extracellular response.
5. Which is inconsistent with the others?
a. diffusion 13. Ligands that bind with membrane receptors include which
b. osmosis of the following? (More than one answer may be correct.)
c. filtration a. hormones
d. phagocytosis b. antigens
e. facilitated diffusion c. neurotransmitters
d. drugs
6. Which can transport substances uphill against the e. infectious agents
concentration gradient?
a. active transport 14. The products from the metabolism of glucose include
b. osmosis which of the following? (More than one answer may be
c. dialysis correct.)
d. facilitated diffusion a. kilocalories
e. None of the above is correct. b. CO2
c. H2O
7. Caveolae: d. ATP
a. serve as repositories for some receptors.
b. provide a route for transport into a cell. 15. Identify the correct sequence of events for initiation and
c. relay signals into cells. conduction of a nerve impulse.
d. All of the above are correct. 1. Sodium moves inside.
2. Potassium leaves cell.
3. Sodium permeability changes.
8. Which statement is true for cytoplasm?
4. Resting potential is reestablished.
a. It is located outside the nucleus.
5. Potassium permeability changes.
b. It provides support for organelles.
c. It is mostly water. a. 1, 3, 2, 5, 4
d. a, b, and c b. 3, 1, 5, 2, 4
c. 5, 2, 3, 1, 4
e. a and b
d. 4, 5, 2, 3, 1
9. The retinoblastoma (Rb) protein:
16. Increased cytoplasmic calcium:
a. is a brake on the progress of the cell cycle.
b. binds to gene regulatory proteins. a. causes one cell to adhere to another.
c. slows cell proliferation. b. increases permeability at the junctional complex.
c. decreases permeability at the junctional complex.
d. a and c
d. None of the above is correct.
e. a, b, and c
10. A major function of connective tissue is: 17. Cell junctions:
a. to form glands. a. coordinate activities of cells within tissues.
b. support and binding. b. are an impermeable part of the plasma
membrane.
c. covering and lining. c. hold cells together.
d. movement.
d. Both a and c are correct.
e. to conduct nerve impulses.
e. Both b and c are correct.
2
Chapter 1 Cellular Biology Copyright © 2012, 2008, 2004, 2000, 1996 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
, Matching
Match the term with its descriptor:
18. Anaphase a. 75% to 90% H2O, lipids, and protein
b. within the nucleus, stored RNA
19. Chromatin
c. compartmentalizes cellular activity
20. Metaphase d. single strand of DNA, nondividing cell
e. “generation plant” for ATP
21. Mitochondria
f. centriole migration
22. Prophase g. chromatid pair alignment
h. chromatid migration
23. Ribosome
i. daughter nuclei
j. protein synthesis site
Match the location with the tissue type found:
24. Lining of the kidney tubules a. simple squamous
b. simple cuboidal
25. Lining of the upper respiratory tract
c. simple columnar, ciliated
d. stratified squamous
e. transitional
Fill in the Blank
Complete the following table identifying membrane transport of cellular intake or output:
Membrane Transport
Transport Mechanism Description
Diffusion
Filtration
Osmosis
Mediated transport Two molecules move simultaneously in one direction (symport) or in
opposite direction (antiport) or a single molecule moves in one
direction (uniport)
Passive mediated transport/facilitated diffusion Does not require the expenditure of metabolic energy (ATP)
Active mediated transport Requires the expenditure of metabolic energy (ATP)
Endocytosis
Pinocytosis
Phagocytosis
3
Copyright © 2012, 2008, 2004, 2000, 1996 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 1 Cellular Biology
