Acute and chronic cholecystitis (General Surgery EOR - Smarty PANCE) Exam Questions and Answers 100% Correct

Acute and chronic cholecystitis (General Surgery EOR - Smarty PANCE) Exam Questions and Answers 100% Correct What is the pathogenesis of acute cholecystitis? Obstruction of cystic duct leads to inflammation of the gallbladder; 95% of cases result from calculi, and 5% from acalculous obstruction What are the risk factors for acute cholecystitis? Gallstones What are the signs and symptoms of acute cholecystitis? ● Unrelenting RUQ pain or tenderness ● Fever Nausea/vomiting ● Painful palpable gallbladder in 33% ● Positive Murphy's sign ● Right subscapular pain (referred) ● Epigastric discomfort (referred) What is Murphy's sign? Acute pain and inspiratory arrest elicited by palpation of the RUQ during inspiration What are the complications of acute cholecystitis? Abscess Perforation Choledocholithiasis Cholecystenteric fistula formation Gallstone ileus What lab results are associated with acute cholecystitis? Increased WBC; may have: Slight elevation in alkaline phosphatase, LFTs Slight elevation in amylase, T. Bili What is the diagnostic test of choice for acute cholecystitis? Ultrasound What are the signs of acute cholecystitis on ultrasound? ● Thickened gallbladder wall (3 mm) ● Pericholecystic fluid ● Distended gallbladder ● Gallstones present/cystic duct ston