Nursing 3100 Final Exam Questions & Correct Answers |100% Solved

How do antiemetics work? (i.e. what is the physiology of nausea? what and where are the receptors locate?) - Correct Answer Antiemetics block the CTZ (chemoreceptor trigger zone) which suppresses nausea and vomitting. These receptors are located near the medulla, outside the Blood Brain Barrier When should antiemetics be given? - Correct Answer At least 1 hour before symptoms List at least 4 classes of antiemetic agents. State their mechanism and potential side effects. - Correct Answer - anticholinergic: inhibits vagal transmission - antihistamine: anticholinergic properties and block H1 receptors on CTZ - dopamine receptor blockers: block receptors in CTZ - serotonin receptor blockers: block receptors in stomach and CTZ What is the effect of isopropyl alcohol on preventing post-op nausea? - Correct Answer It works as aromatherapy What would be the laxative of choice for each of the following? A patient recoverin from acute myocardial infarction (MI). A patient with a slow transit time. A patient who requires bowel preparation before surgery. - Correct Answer Myocardial Infarction: stool softener (Colace) because it avoids arrhythmia and valsalva's maneuver Slow transit time: fiber and bulk forming laxative which decreases the stool transit time Bowel Preparation before surgery: increase doses of hyperosmotic laxatives which are fast working What are the possible side effects of stimulant laxatives, hyperosmotic laxatives, saline cathartics, and bulk-forming laxatives? - Correct Answer stimulant laxatives: can't be administered with antacids -- causes premature dissolution in the stomach, GI distress, cathartic habit, patients could become dependent hyperosmotic laxatives: electrolyte imbalance saline cathartics: suppresses bowel reflex causing you to lose electrolytes bulk-forming laxatives: increase dose gradually to avoid discomfort When should diarrhea be treated? - Correct Answer at onset of symptoms What are the causes of diarrhea? - Correct Answer - infection - viral - bacteria - absorption issues - stress alters the motility of feces - irritable bowel syndrome - sorbital containing medications - e