Career migration Migration as a result of career opportunities
Ex: Italian merchants moved to Bruges to work (ex: Tommaso Portinari worked for de Medici
company in Florence à gets sent to Geneva/London/Bruges)
Chain migration People move to places where they have friends/relatives
- Give them INFORMATION about OPPORTUNITIES abroad
- Give them MATERIAL/PSYCHOLOGICAL SUPPORT
COMMON CRITICISM of migration: ‘migration attracts more migration’
Creates CONNECTION between towns of origin & towns of destination
- Ex: Turkish community in Ghent are from the same region/community in Turkey
o They maintained the bonds over time
TO STUDY THIS: problem = no ego documents (letters, diaries …)
à no information about PERSONAL MOTIVATION
SOLUTIONS:
1. LAST NAMES IN REGISTERS
o Ex: 5 butchers with the same last name from Ekeren to Antwerp
2 of them went to Antwerp first & told their relatives to move too
2. PLACE OF ORIGIN
o There are CONNECTIONS between place of origin & destination
o Ex: bakers from Lipp moved to Antwerp & told bakers in Lipp to move too
Emigration Moving away from a territory
- Harder to study: authorities don’t gain anything from it à no sources!!
- Solution: sources from countries they migrated to
Ex: ‘Dutch’ emigrants in late medieval and Tudor England
Forced migration Being forced to move
Ex: 1585: Fall of Antwerp
- NEGOTIATED DEPARTURE: Spain gave people 2 options: convert or leave
- 20 000 people left
Gross migration Immigration AND emigration / immigration
- Total flow of migrants
Ex: long 19th century – one-off rural-urban migration
Criticism: Migration in BOTH DIRECTIONS emigration too
- Gross migration was large (total number of people immigrating) BUT NET
MIGRATION was limited
o = people staying for longer period of time
o Some people left to the countryside
Horizontal Migration from one place to another both have same pull factors
migration Ex: Pull factors in 19th century Antwerp offered QUALIFIED JOBS
- Port, trade & retail sectors
Immigration Moving into a territory
- Easier to study: authorities can gain money from citizenship à sources!!
Ex: Italian merchants moved to Bruges
Internal migration Moving within a territory
Ex: 1840s: Affected by CROP FAILURES in countryside led to migration
- Rural-urban migration to Antwerp & Brussels
Ex: Italian merchants moved to Bruges to work (ex: Tommaso Portinari worked for de Medici
company in Florence à gets sent to Geneva/London/Bruges)
Chain migration People move to places where they have friends/relatives
- Give them INFORMATION about OPPORTUNITIES abroad
- Give them MATERIAL/PSYCHOLOGICAL SUPPORT
COMMON CRITICISM of migration: ‘migration attracts more migration’
Creates CONNECTION between towns of origin & towns of destination
- Ex: Turkish community in Ghent are from the same region/community in Turkey
o They maintained the bonds over time
TO STUDY THIS: problem = no ego documents (letters, diaries …)
à no information about PERSONAL MOTIVATION
SOLUTIONS:
1. LAST NAMES IN REGISTERS
o Ex: 5 butchers with the same last name from Ekeren to Antwerp
2 of them went to Antwerp first & told their relatives to move too
2. PLACE OF ORIGIN
o There are CONNECTIONS between place of origin & destination
o Ex: bakers from Lipp moved to Antwerp & told bakers in Lipp to move too
Emigration Moving away from a territory
- Harder to study: authorities don’t gain anything from it à no sources!!
- Solution: sources from countries they migrated to
Ex: ‘Dutch’ emigrants in late medieval and Tudor England
Forced migration Being forced to move
Ex: 1585: Fall of Antwerp
- NEGOTIATED DEPARTURE: Spain gave people 2 options: convert or leave
- 20 000 people left
Gross migration Immigration AND emigration / immigration
- Total flow of migrants
Ex: long 19th century – one-off rural-urban migration
Criticism: Migration in BOTH DIRECTIONS emigration too
- Gross migration was large (total number of people immigrating) BUT NET
MIGRATION was limited
o = people staying for longer period of time
o Some people left to the countryside
Horizontal Migration from one place to another both have same pull factors
migration Ex: Pull factors in 19th century Antwerp offered QUALIFIED JOBS
- Port, trade & retail sectors
Immigration Moving into a territory
- Easier to study: authorities can gain money from citizenship à sources!!
Ex: Italian merchants moved to Bruges
Internal migration Moving within a territory
Ex: 1840s: Affected by CROP FAILURES in countryside led to migration
- Rural-urban migration to Antwerp & Brussels
