Phil Exam 1 Study Guide

What is philosophy? What are the main areas of philosophy? - correct answer philosophy= love of wisdom epistemology (knowledge vs opinion or mere belief) metaphysics (reality vs appearance), philosophical evidence (meta ethnics, normative ethnics, applied ethnics), logic (as opposed to rhetoric) what is the traditional (tripartite) account of knowledge? What is empiricism? What is rationalism? - correct answer empiricism- what you get from observation & knowledge based on senes. empiricism- evidence based on experience/ senses. Rationalism:using reason not observation/ sense what are the three main area in philosophical ethnics? - correct answer 1. meta ethnics- aspiring higher, abstract questions, being, reality, existence, free will 2. normative ethnics- theories that perusable certain courses actions, tells us what to do 3. virtue ethnics- what you should do is what the virtuous person does what is an argument? what is the difference between deductive and inductive argument? how do we evaluate arguments in term of their form and content? - correct answer Argument: series of claims some which "the premises" gives us reason, evidence or justification for accepting another claim for the conclusion. deductive are valid and sound arguments. inductive are strong and cogent arguments. we evaluate arguments by their valid, sound, strong or cogent what are maxims by which Socrates lived? can anything harm a good person, according to Socrates? - correct answer know thyself, unexamined life is not worth living, better suffer injustice than to inflict & justice, nothing should be feared except for becoming a bad person. nothing can harm a good person what is ethnical relativism? what are the difficulties faced by the ethnical relativist? how does Plato argue against ethnical relativism? - correct answer nothing is objectively right or wrong, right and depends on their perspective of right and wrong. no universal moral standards. fails to recognize some Socrates have better reasons for holding their views than others what are the four cardinal accent Greek virtues? how dies Plato illustrate these by comparing the individual and the state? - correct answer wisdom, courage, temperance, and justice. the individual with reason, will, and passion while the state illustrates rulers and producers what is justice, according the Plato? - correct answer a wealthy or well ordered soul, the will controlling desire in accordance with council of reason why is Plato's ideally just state paternalistic? who are the rulers in such a state? what is the noble lie? - correct answer when rise rulers might lie to use their own good some who is just noble lie: myth that wise rulers craft for their own good what kind of epistemology does Plato defend? - correct answer knowledge and opinion; the source of reason. having 100% guarantee is important what kind of metaphysics does Plato defend? - correct answer reality vs appearance; essence vs sensible what is Plato's cave allegory? - correct answer how we see reality; more layers to reality than we see. a secret few who have wisdom and focus are lucky enough to make it out of the cave what is an essence (or form)? - correct answer essence of X that which all X's have in common that makes them X's what is virtue ethnics? what is a virtue? what is the thesis of the unity of the virtues? - correct answer virtue of character, always having a middle ground. virtue: disposition that allows an X to performance it functions excellently being virtuous is necessary for livin