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Before the coming of Europeans, the peoples who lived in what is now the United States had not developed - A common language The first European country to launch long ocean voyages of exploration was - Portugal When Christopher Columbus made his famous voyages to the New World, he - Believed that he had reached the Far East The Spanish conquest of the Aztecs was, in part, due to - The diseases the Spaniards had given the Indians Before the arrival of the Europeans, the political system of southern and western Africa was composed of - A number of small- and medium-sized regional kingdoms According to the principles of mercantilism, - A successful nation should export its own goods in exchange for gold and silver The religious dissatisfactions that ultimately propelled English "Separatists" into the New World can be traded to the 1517 protests of the German priest - Martin Luther Henry VIII started the English Reformation because he - Required a divorce in order to marry The majority of English Puritans were religious dissenters who - Wished to purify Anglican forms of worshipThe most important single event influencing England's decision to begin New World colonization was the - Defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588 The first permanent English settlement in the New World was established at - Jamestown Civilizations in the Americas before the arrival of Columbus - Included elaborate and sophisticated cultures that rivaled those of Europe The Treaty of Tordesillas contained a provision to - Divide the Americas between Spain and Portugal to colonize The Coureurs des Bois relationship with Indians differed from the English because - They formed successful partnerships with Indians by becoming a part of native society and intermarrying An assumption that the English learned in Ireland and brought to their American settlements was - English colonial settlements must remain separated from native populations Virginia began to prosper when the governor changed from - A communal system of labor to private ownership The survival and expansion of Virginia were due, in part, to - The discovery that tobacco would grow well there During the 1600s, the rapid growth of Virginia's population led to the - Violation of Indian treaties and frequent border conflicts Bacon's Rebellion began as - A fight between Indians and frontiersman over western lands The Massachusetts Bay colony