Texes PACT 4-8 Science (Biology) questions and answers all are graded A+

Organelle - A tiny cell structure that carries out a specific function within the cell Mitochondria - Powerhouse of the cell, organelle that is the site of ATP (energy) production Ribosome - Site of protein synthesis Golgi apparatus - A system of membranes that modifies and packages proteins for export by the cell - the "UPS" of the cell Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum - A system covered with ribosomes (which makes it rough) where transport proteins are assembled Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum - A system where lipids are synthesized, calcium levels are regulated, and toxic substances are broken down Nucleus - Control center of the cell, contains DNA and RNA Nucleolus - Found inside the nucleus and produces ribosomes Nuclear envelope/membrane - A double membrane that surrounds the nucleus in the cell Chloroplast - Site of photosynthesis Thylakoid - A flattened sac inside the chloroplast, used to convert light energy into chemical energy Cytoplasm - A jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspendedCell wall - In a PLANT cell. Helps protect and support the cell, gives a plant cell a shape Phospholipid bilayer - A double layer of phospholipids that makes up membranes Eukaryotic cells - Larger, complex, with nucleus, membrane bound organelles Prokaryotic cells - Small, simple, no nucleus, no membrane-bound organelles, only single loop of DNA ATP - (Adenosine triphosphate) main energy source that cells use for most of their work Cellular respiration - The process by which cells use oxygen to produce energy from food Aerobic respiration - Respiration that requires oxygen Anaerobic respiration - Respiration that does not require oxygen Photosynthesis - Conversion of light energy from the sun into chemical energy Mitosis - Part of eukaryotic cell division during which the cell nucleus divides Meiosis - Cell division that produces reproductive cells in sexually reproducing organisms Levels of ecosystem - Individual, population, community, ecosystem, biome, biosphere Abiotic factors - Nonliving components of an ecosystemBiotic factors - Living components of an ecosystem Symbiotic relationships - Mutualism, commensalism, parasitism, predation