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Psychology & Science - Essentials Study Guide

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Don't want to read the book and still get a 9 on the exam? Well by just studying this summary, just like I did, you can do the same! No need to open the book or even look at the lecture slides; this includes absolutely everything you need to know to get an amazing grade on the Psychology & Science exam!

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Institution
Universiteit Leiden (UL)
Course
Psychology and science

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Lecture 1 Summary

Logical Positivism: all statements that cannot be proven empirically are meaningless
Ex: ethics, metaphysics, “Jim is an asshole”

 Based on positivism (Comte) and empiricism (Locke, Hume)
 Science = Facts + theories (laws)
o Observation of facts
o Deriving and testing theories (laws) using logic

Empiricism: observations (facts) are the basis for knowledge (science)

Positivism: facts are objective (immediately given, unchangeable, all the same), independent of theory (certain metaphysics)

History of Positivism
1600: Francis Bacon – empirical model of science = observation and organization of facts
 Spreadsheet model = gas law: pressure x volume ~ Temperature

1700: Empiricist (Locke, Hume): Knowledge acquired through experience

1850: Compte’s positivism: science should focus on “positive” observables
 No metaphysics/speculation

1900: Mach’s positivism: start from observable facts.
 No metaphysics/speculation
 No theories/models (atoms or molecules: not observable)

1900-1920: ^ however, models were used in physics (theory of relativity, quantum physics)

1920: Neo-positivism or logical positivism
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Moore Critical Thinking ISE
  • 2016
  • 9781259921315
  • Unknown

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Institution
Universiteit Leiden (UL)
Study
Psychologie
Course
Psychology and science

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Uploaded on
March 26, 2019
Number of pages
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Written in
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Type
Study guide

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  • psychologie
  • psychology and science
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